题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Happiness and sadness are states of being that define the way we view the world. It is often said that some people by nature have a sunny character. Now scientists may have discovered why.
Some people may be born for happiness, while others are genetically negative, scientists have suggested in a study published late February in a British journal.
Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in determining how the neurotransmitter (神经传递素) serotonin (含于血液中的复合胺) works within the brain. Serotonin, a hormone (荷尔蒙), passes chemical messages between nerve cells. It has been closely linked to mood. Several anti-depressant (抗抑郁) drugs regulate serotonin levels. Scientists had also identified three variants (变体) of the gene. Two so-called "short" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide attempts. Unlike the two "short" variants, the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images, such as fierce animals, and a clear liking for positive ones, such as flowers.
Researchers from the University of Essex in Britain, led by Elaine Fox, showed participants a series of images. The images were divided into three kinds: negative ones aimed at inspiring fear or stress such as a spider or person about to commit suicide, pleasant ones and neutral (中性的) ones. The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene "showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material," the researchers found. They paid close attention to the pretty pictures, and ignored the frightening ones. On the other hand, the short variant groups had the opposite reaction.
In January, the Australian government organized "happiness workshops", teaching government staff how to be happy. The department that held the "happiness workshops" said unhappy staff weren"t productive staff. Australian political opposition parties have argued that the "happiness workshops" are probably a waste of money and couldn"t increase productivity as intended. However, whether the workshop will have a happy or disappointing result, we will have to wait and see.
1. For the passage,by what means can we view the world?
A. Happiness and sadness. B. Happiness and curiosity.
C. Sadness and amazement. D. Disappointment and sadness.
2. What is most important in the role of deciding how the the neurotransmitter serotonin works within the brain?
A. The gene known as 5-HTTLPR. B. Three variants.
C. Neurotransmitter serotonin . D. A hormone.
3 Which of the following sentences is WRONG?
A. Serotonin, a hormone within the brain., passes chemical messages between nerve cells, which has been closely linked to mood.
B. Scientists identified the two "short" variants, and the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR which showed a clear hatred of negative images, such as fierce animals.
C. Scientists identified three variants of the gene. Two so-called "long" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and murder attempts.
D. In terms of researchers’ research, the images were divided into three kinds: negative ones, pleasant ones and neutral ones.
4. Why did the Australian government organize “Happiness workshops”?
A. To enrich staff’s free life.
B. To teach staff the ways to be happy.
C. To prove the result of the researchers’ research.
D. To test who weren’t productive staff.
5. What is the
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191216/20191216070316-24781.gif)
A. A waste of money.
B. No effect on increasing productivity.
C. A disappointing result .
D. An uncertain result.
答案
1、A
2、A
3、C
4、B
5、D
解析
1、从开头第一句话中就可以得出A为正确选项。
2、从第二段第一句话中可以得出A为正确选项。
3、首先一定要注意,题目的要求是选出“表述是错误的一项”;然后从第三段后面部分可以看出,正确的表述是“Two so-called "short" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide attempts.”所以,C项表述有误,为正确答案。
4、从“In January, the Australian government organized "happiness workshops", teaching government staff how to be happy.”这句中可以看出,B为此题正确选项。
5、通过各方对此问题持有的不同态度以及最后一句话,可以看出,一切都要拭目以待。所以D选项正确。
核心考点
试题【阅读短文,完成问题。Happiness and sadness are states of being that define the way we view 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe (严格的) over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child"s own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents" principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
小题1: Eagerly watching the child"s acquisition of new skills, ___________.
A.should be avoided |
B.is universal among parents |
C.sets up dangerous states of worry in the child |
D.will make the child lose interest in learning new things |
A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read |
B.should expect a lot of the children |
C.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own |
D.should create as many learning opportunities as possible |
A.parents should be strict with their children |
B.parental controls reflect only the values of the community |
C.parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children alone |
D.it"s parents" and society"s duty to control the children |
A.opinion | B.punishment | C.behavior | D.instruction |
A.follow the rules themselves |
B.be aware of the huge difference between adults and children |
C.forbid their children to follow hook teachings |
D.always ensure the security of their children |
But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father is there too, in your mind and in your heart. I find that my parents, long dead now, still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I’m still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so pleased with myself, that I couldn’t wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all mother said was, "I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children.” I haven’t forgotten. The values of my parents still live on.
It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence have been to face the aggressors (挑衅者),and to lay down my life for those in my care? How many people would want me back for Christmas? It’s a serious thought, one to give me pause.
I pray silently, sometimes, in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet "Deliver my soul from the sword, and my darling from the power of the dog." Yet I know the death comes to us all, and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan to live forever, but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knives on our streets today.
小题1:according to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph ________.
A.puts forward the subject of the text |
B.shows the author’s pity on the kid |
C.acts as an introduction to the discussion |
D.makes a clear statement of the author’s views |
A.how much he misses his parents now |
B.why his parents often appear in his dreams |
C.when Lucien will get over all his sadness |
D.how proud he was when he succeeded in life |
A.Proud. | B.Happy. | C.Disappointed. | D.Worried. |
A.to leave behind a precious memory to the people related |
B.to have a high sense of duty to the whole society |
C.to care what others will remember and treasure |
D.to share happiness and sadness with his family |
A.Call on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns. |
B.Advise parents stay with their children safely at home. |
C.Spend every day meaningfully in memory of the death. |
D.Try to keep violence and murder far away from society. |
All the friends invited were a little surprised. It’s not that Ben is unsociable, or a bad cook, but it’s just that he never 21more than he has to. So how come he was inviting us round for a meal? Had he bought something 22for his friends? He greeted us at the door and showed us into his dining room where a 23_ -table was waiting for us.“Nothing but the best for my friends!”said Ben. We all sat down and looked 24 at each other—what was he up to?
Ben returned with four bowls of hot soup.“It’s a mixture of carrots, potatoes and tomatoes,”said Ben. The next 25was also a little strange in that we didn’t quite know what it was again. It’s just another mixture of vegetable.
As we ate we chatted and finally the 26 turned back to what we were eating.“Was there a recipe(食谱) for this,”asked Marina,“or did you 27 it up?”Ben put his fork down.“What I cooked depended on what I could find.”Marina was surprised.“But you can find anything in supermarkets these days.”“But there’s 28 choice in what you can find outside supermarkets,”he replied.
Seeing that we had all finished the food, Ben decided to tell the truth. He had read recently that supermarkets usually throw away 5 percent of their food every day. So Ben decided to look inside his local supermarket bins. There he found food that was slightly out of __29, boxes of throw-away vegetables and fruit.
So Ben had successfully provided a decent(体面的) meal for his friends, and made us aware of the fact that there are many poor people who need the food, but the amount of food thrown away is enough to 30 millions of people.
21.A.takes B. spends C. uses D. does
22.A.cheap B. special C. practical D. usual
23.A.new B. separate C. booked D. laid
24.A.nervously B. carefully C. sadly D. happily
25.A.course B. food C. soup D. salad
26.A.dinner B. idea C. food D. subject
27.A.pick B. look C. make D. take
28.A.less B. more C. some D. any
29.A.order B. place C. season D. date
30.A.enrich B. please C. affect D. feed
Isabelle Dinoire is someone who can answer all of these questions honestly and openly.
Last November Isabelle was attacked and mauled by her own dog. The attack was so severe that her lower face was damaged; it seemed, almost beyond repair. She was rushed to hospital and became the first person ever to have a face transplant.
With such severe injuries doctors offered Isabelle little hope that they would be able to repair the damage to her face using conventional surgery.
Shortly after being admitted, she came to the attention of Dr Bernard Devauchelle who, unlike other surgeons, believed there was an alternative: "We found ourselves saying, yes, it"s clear this woman needs a transplant," he said.
Two days after the operation she saw her face in the mirror for the first time. She said "I was scared to look at myself, but when I did it was already marvelous and I couldn"t believe it. I thought it would be blue and swollen but it was already beautiful."
Now, less than a year after her 15 hour operation, she’s trying to rebuild her life and there is no doubt how she feels about her new face: "I have been saved. Lots of people write saying that I need to go on, that it"s wonderful. It"s a miracle somehow."
Although there were ethical questions raised about their decision to carry out the procedure, the doctors who operated on Isabelle are quick to defend their decision.
One of them said "Was it possible for her to live without a face? It"s easy to say we shouldn"t have done the operation, but her life has changed, she goes shopping, goes on holiday, she lives again."
小题1: What would be the best title of the passage?
A.The first face transplant | B.A successful face operation |
C.The most severe damaged face | D.The breakthrough of surgery |
A.tell the story about Isabelle Dinoire | B.show a severe face damage event |
C.draw the readers’ attention to the topic | D.invite the readers to answer them |
A.she was too shocked to see herself in the mirror |
B.she was satisfied with the result of the operation |
C.she thought her damaged face couldn’t be repaired |
D.she looked more beautiful than before |
A.It seemed that it was impossible to recover Isabelle’s face using face transplant |
B.After operation Isabelle thought she looked beautiful and rebuilt her life again |
C.Some doctors had no better idea to repair the damage to Isabelle’s face |
D.It was Dr Bernard Devauchelle who came up with the idea of face transplant |
When 40 per cent of Hawaii"s US$14 million-a-year papaya (木瓜)industry was destroyed by a virus five years ago, work began on creating genetically engineered(转基因的) trees.
Researchers successfully introduced seeds that were designed to resist the virus. Since then, more and more people have been testing genetically engineered trees.
Some researchers put special bacteria into trees to help them grow faster and produce better wood. Others are trying to create trees that can clean polluted soil.
Meanwhile fruit farmers are looking for trees that are strong enough to resist worms, and paper companies want trees that produce more wood and therefore more paper.
The Pentagon (五角大楼) even gave the researchers US$500,000 this year after they developed a pine tree that changes its colours if it senses a chemical attack..
So far, the poplar, eucalyptus (杨树与桉树), apple and coffee trees are among those being engineered. All this can be done today because we have a better understanding of tree genomes(基因组).
However, some people fear that the genetically engineered trees will cause dangerous results. They are worried that the new trees will breed with natural species and change the balance of the forest environment.
"It could be destructive," said Jim Diamond, an environmentalist. "Trees are what is left of our natural environment and home to many endangered species."
But researchers insist that science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.
They hope to answer the critics by stopping the new trees from breeding, so their effect on the environment can be controlled.
小题1:What trees are NOT the ones that scientists are planting in the US?
A.Trees that worms can"t hurt. |
B.Trees that can protect themselves at a chemical attack. |
C.Trees that can resist wind better. |
D.Trees that can improve soil conditions. |
A.They think science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers. |
B.Great numbers of trees have been lost due to attacks by viruses. |
C.Researchers successfully introduced seeds designed to resist the virus. |
D.Tree genomes are mapped out so scientists know how to improve trees. |
A.Papaya. | B.Pine. | C.Apple. | D.Poplar. |
A.The improvement of environment |
B.The side-effects of special trees |
C.The development of special trees |
D.the program of genetically engineered trees |
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