题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
第三部分任务型阅读(满分10分)
Romantic novelists rarely fail to include in their writings that special moment when two strangers look into each other"s eyes across a crowded room and feel the tingle of desire. Now these writings have now been validated(证实)by science, for experts have discovered that eye-to-eye contact in fact leads to a burst of activity in the reward center of the brain.
Neuroscientists at University College London asked eight female and eight male volunteers to look at photos of the faces of 40 different people who were either looking at the camera or gazing to one side.
While the volunteers looked at the pictures, they were given a scan with functional magnetic resonance imaging(磁性共振成影仪器), which measures increased blood flows to the various parts of the brain and thus provides a "map" of cerebral activity(大脑活动).
The volunteers were then asked to rate the attractiveness of each face, and their score was matched against the scan.
The result: when volunteer had direct eye contact with the face, there was an increase of activity in the ventral striatum(腹面纹状体), a central part of the brain that anticipates reward or pleasure. But if the eyes did not meet, there was no activity in that brain area at all. The activity increase occurred regardless of the gender of the face in direct eye contact.
However, there was a bigger-than-usual increase if the person giving the eye was found to be attractive. Activity in the ventral striatum surged. But if the cute person gazed to one side, the ventral striatum remained dormant, apparently disappointed that the stranger was clearly not interested.
Interestingly, the ventral striatum also perked up if a plug-ugly person gazed to one side, rather than looked at the volunteer right in the eyes.
Origin of the experiment | Romantic novelists like to describe in their writings that two strangers look into each other"s eyes across a crowded room and feel the tingle of desire in a special ____71____. |
__72__ of the experiment | Investigate whether eye-to-eye contact ____73____ a burst of activity in the reward center of the brain. |
Procedure of the experiment | ◆Ask ____74____ volunteers(8 female and 8 male)to look at photos of the faces of 40 different people who were either looking at the camera or gazing to one side. ◆____75____ blood flows to the various parts of the volunteers’ brain and thus provides a "map" of cerebral activity. ◆Ask the volunteers to rate the attractiveness of all ____76____, ◆____77____ their score against the scan. |
____78____ of the experiment | ◆As long as the eyes meet ____79____, there must be activities in the brain area. On the other hand, there is no activity at all. ◆The activity of the brain is also ___80_____ with the people’s appearance closely. |
答案
71. moment 72. Purpose / Aim 73. causes 74. 16 / sixteen
75. Measure 76. faces 77. Match 78. Results
79. directly 80. associated / connected
解析
核心考点
试题【第三部分任务型阅读(满分10分)Romantic novelists rarely fail to include in their writings that】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
C
Sometimes we cry because we are sad and sometimes because we are extremely happy.An irritant(刺激物),such as onion(洋葱) smell or grains of sand in the eye,can also make cry.In this case tears perform an obvious role in getting rid of substances that might harm the surface of the eye.
Dr.William Frey of the Dry Eye and Tear Research Center at St.Paul in Minnesota,USA,believes that tears from emotional causes may perform a similar role.He thinks that crying could get rid of emotional stress by washing away a chemical in the blood caused by strong emotions. To prove his theory, he hopes first to identify this chemical and then see if it is found in tears of sadness or happiness.
So far, Dr.Frey has failed to find out the difference between emotional tears and tears caused by an irritant in the eye.This may be because these substances themselves cause a degree of stress and emotion.What he has identified in all tears is a variety of biochemicals(生化物)which are one of the causes of stress.A more detailed study may help us understand why sufferers from stress-related disorders cry less often than healthy people.Dr.Frey is also very interested to see if there are any physiological(生理学的)explanations for why women,in general,cry five times more often than men,on average.
64. The main purpose of Dr.Frey’s study of tears is to
A. show that there are two types of tears,caused by irritants and by emotions
B. find out the cause of stress-related problems and emotional disorders
C. explain why women cry more often than men
D. prove that tears can remove a chemical in the blood caused by strong emotions
65. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Tears fail to help get rid of emotional stress.
B. Irritants in the eye result in tears without causing stress and emotion.
C. Healthy people cry more often than those with stress-related problems.
D. The biochemical identified by Dr.Frey has nothing to do with stress.
66. We can learn from the passage that __________.
A. crying does us more harm than good
B. inner feelings don’t affect our bodies
C. sorrow may cause some chemicals in our blood
D. emotional tears are different from tears caused by irritants in the eye
67. Dr.Frey believes that tears from emotional causes may play a role in getting rid of ______.
A. emotional stress by washing away a chemical in the blood
B. onion smell or grains of sand
C. sufferings from irritants
D. substances that might not harm the surface of the eye
E
Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn"t see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种)known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It"s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can"t talk back. Still, it wouldn"t hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!
72. From paragraph 2 we know that _______.
A. animals are as clever as human beings
B. dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees
C. chimpanzees have good word-learning skills
D. dogs have similar learning abilities as 3-year-old children
73. Both experiments show that_________.
A. Rico is smart enough to get all commands right
B. Rico can recognize different things including toys
C. Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics
D. Rico won"t forget the names of objects once recognizing them
74. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie"s mental abilities.
B. Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.
C. The border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects.
D. Rico is born to understand its owner"s commands.
75. What does the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. To train your dog. B. To talk to your dog.
C. To be friendly to your dog. D. To be careful with your dog.
D
An altimeter(高度计) is an instrument used in an airplane to tell the pilot how high he is flying. The altimeter used in most airplanes is a kind of barometer(气压计), which, like barometer found in ordinary homes, is a measuring instrument for air pressure. The weight of the atmosphere presses downwards everywhere. At sea level this pressure is more than 14 pounds on every square inch of the surface. The higher you go into the air, the lower the air pressure is. An altimeter measures this air pressure to show the altitude of the airplane, or, how high it is above sea level.
But the altimeter does not show how high the plane is above the ground. A plane might be flying at an altitude of 15,000 feet, but it would be only a thousand feet or so above the ground if the land in that area happened to be 14,000 feet above sea level. The pilot adjusts his altimeter to the actual sea-level pressure before leaving the airport and then corrects it in flight by new information given to him by radio. He flies high enough to be above any mountain he may pass on his course .The barometer altimeter is correct within about 300 feet.
Another kind of altimeter, the radio altimeter, makes use of radio reflection. It calculates the height of the flying plane by sending out electrical signals to the surface below and measuring the time required for them to bounce back(反弹). It is correct within 15 feet over water, but is not reliable over land. Big planes usually have both kinds of altimeter.
67. Which of the following diagrams gives the correct relationship between altimeters and barometers? (a----altimeters, b----barometers)
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191216/20191216033336-15519.jpg)
68. The following drawing shows a plane flying over a mountain. Which of the heights given in the drawing is given by the barometer altimeter in the plane at this moment?
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191216/20191216033337-77162.jpg)
69. Suppose a plane using a radio altimeter is flying 10,000 meters above highland which is 4,000 meters above sea level. What reading will be given by the altimeter?
A.10,000meters. B. 4,000meters. C.14,000meters. D. 6,000 meters.
70. Suppose a plane using both kinds of altimeters is flying over a mountainous area where the land rises and falls very abruptly (迅速地). The pilot keeps his plane steady at the same height. What kind of reading will you get on each of the altimeters?
A. The readings on both altimeters will remain steady.
B. The readings on both altimeters will rise and fall abruptly.
C. The readings on the barometer altimeter will rise and fall abruptly, while that on the radio altimeter will remain steady.
D. The readings on the radio altimeter will rise and fall abruptly, while that on the barometer altimeter will remain steady.
Well,you may say,this is as it should be,and a good idea.But think further.What happens?
‘Education’ becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists.What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications of their lessons,and forget about the subjects themselves.If a child dislikes a lesson,the teacher feels that it is his fault,not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is ‘relevant’ to modem young children.And do they dare to recount stories about violent battles? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races,or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better.Sums? Arithmetic? No:real—life mathematical situations are more understandable.
You see.you can go too far.Influenced by educational theorists,who have nothing better to do than write books about their ideas,teachers leave their teacher—training colleges filled with grand,psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make complicated preparations and try out their ‘modern methods’ on the long – suffering children. Since one ‘modern method’ rapidly replaces another, the poor kids will have well been fed up by the time they leave school. frequently the modern methods are so complicated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so necessary for the ‘informal’ feeling the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.
63.Under the old system, children were .
A.made to learn passively B.good enough to their grandparents
C.made to learn actively D.understood and respected by teachers
64.What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychological implications during a lesson?
A.They find that children dislike the lessons.
B.They worry too much about history, stories, racial hatred, grammar and arithmetic.
C.They don’t pay enough attention to what students are learning.
D.They tend to blame students for their failure in teaching.
65.How do you understand the underlined sentence at the end of the passage?
A.Children will learn well in a relaxed classroom atmosphere.
B.Few children will actually learn when there is no discipline.
C.Relaxed discipline is necessary for children to develop.
D.No children will learn anything without strict discipline.
66.What is the author’s attitude toward the theories of modern psychology?
A.Indifferent (不关心的). B.Tolerant (容忍的).
C.Supportive (支持的). D.Critical (批评的).
Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity (容量). As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.
Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.
56. The size of man’s forehead will probably grow bigger because _______.
A. he will use his brain more and more as time goes on
B. he makes use only 20% of the brain’s capacity
C. his brain has grown larger over the past centuries
D. the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time
57. What serves as the evidence that man is changing?
A. Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had.
B. Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.
C. Man’s hair is getting thinner and thinner.
D. Man’s arms and legs have become lighter and weaker.
58. What will be true about a human being in the future?
A. He will be hairless because hair is no longer useful.
B. He will have smaller eyes and will wear better glasses.
C. His fingers will grow weaker because he won’t have to make use of them.
D. He will think and feel in a different way.
59. It is implied that __________________.
A. human beings will become more attractive in the future
B. body organs will become poorer if they are not used often
C. human beings hope for a change in the future life
D. future life is always predictable
60. The passage mainly tells us that _______________.
A. man’s life will be different in the future B. man is growing taller and uglier as time passes
C. future man will look quite different from us
D. human beings’ organs will function weaker
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