题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates(进入) the lion’s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion turns back and begins slowly to stalk (逼近) the man.
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal(致命的) for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when it goes beyond its limits.
Social distance is not always rigidly(刻板的) fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother’s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shortens. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
小题1:.
Which of the following is the correct explanation of “Flight Distance” in paragraph 1?
| A．Distance between animals of the same species before fleeing. |
| B．Distance between large and small animals before fleeing. |
| C．Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. |
| D．Distance between certain animal species before fleeing. |
If a lion’s critical distance is penetrated, it will __________.
| A．begin to attack. |
| B．try to hide. |
| C．begin to jump. |
| D．run away. |
. The example of “children holding hands when crossing the street” in the last paragraph shows that ________.
| A．social distance is not always needed. |
| B．there is no social distance among small children. |
| C．humans are different from animals in social distance. |
| D．social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors. |
. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
| A．Critical Distance |
| B．Social Distance |
| C．Relationship Between Animals |
| D．Spacing in Animals |
答案
小题1:.C
小题1:.A
小题1:.D
小题1:.D
解析
小题1:根据that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees.及下文描述可知选C。
小题1:根据at which point the cornered lion turns back and begins slowly to stalk (逼近) the man.描述可知选A。
小题1:根据Social distance is not always rigidly(刻板的) fixed but is determined in part by the situation.描述可知社交距离有时受外界因素影响，故选D。
小题1:通过阅读短文可知本文主要讲的是动物及人类之间距离的问题，故选D最符合文章中心。
核心考点
试题【Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other po】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a
collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.
Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behavior. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.
It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption "I Want You" It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
小题1:.
According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?
| A．He does not want to be shamed by others. |
| B．He needs to show he is a good person. |
| C．He desires others to like him more. |
| D．He feels he will receive some social reward. |
．What is the text mainly about?
| A．It describes changed behavior when observed. |
B．It details ways to control people"s be havior. |
| C．It tells how to make people work harder. |
| D．It discusses different advertising methods. |
According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
| A．People pretend to behave better when they are watched. | |
| B．Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone. | C．People donate more money when they feel they are watched. |
| D．Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster. |
．Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?
| A．In a newspaper. | B．In a scientific journal. |
| C．In an advertising magazine. | D．In a science textbook. |
“It’s the next ‘wow’ vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh .“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don’t fly.”
The car plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.
The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.
The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you’re good to go. When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don’t have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.
The car-plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界)conditions.
The Transition’s price tag: $194,000, But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS. Another option is a full-plane parachute.
“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option,” Gersh said.
So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits.“We’re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps,” Brown said.
小题1:
We can learn from the first paragraph that .
| A．car-planes will be popular in 2011 |
| B．people might drive a car-plane in 2011 |
| C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land |
| D．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts |
lt takes the car-plane one minute to .
| A．fold and unfold its wings | B．unfold wings for flying |
| C．land in the airport | D．meet flying safety regulations |
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The car-plane needs a runway to take off and land.
B. To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.
C. The car-plane may fly as high as normal planes.
D. People can park the car-plane in the garage at their home.
小题4:
The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to .
| A．the radio | B．the transponder | C．the GPS | D．the full-plane parachute |
What’s the best title for the passage?
| A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The Corner |
| B．Which to Choose: A Ferrari or a Car Plane? |
| C．A more Convenient and Cheaper Way to Fly |
| D．Cars With Wings Can Fly as Fast as Planes |
40 Nanjing has shown a remarkable capacity for reinvention during its 2,500-year history. And in recent years, the city has moved 41 its tragic past to become a vital engine of China’s economic growth, thanks 42 to its position in the middle of China’s prosperous eastern seaboard. Growth has also 43 thanks to improved ground transportation: A new bullet train linking Nanjing and Shanghai started service last year, 44 travel time between the cities from several hours to just 75 minutes, and a Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line is 45 to open later this year, with a stop in Nanjing. Within the city, two metro lines were built in the last few years; 15 more are planned to begin service by 2030.
Signs of Nanjing’s 46 wealth and optimism can be seen everywhere. In the heart of the downtown Xinjiekou district, a bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen, 47 the father of modern China, looks 48 over a busy 49 area.
There is perhaps no more 50 symbol of the city’s transformation than the Zifeng Tower, a 1,480-foot skyscraper that opened its doors last May. 51 offices, restaurants and an InterContinental hotel, the tower is the second-tallest building in China and billed as the seventh-tallest in the world.
Underlying all this development is a large Chinese and 52 student population — there are several major universities, plus a branch of Johns Hopkins’s international studies school. In fact, art and music 53 in all sorts of places.
On a larger 54 , local government officials and private investors are pushing the city as a rising center for contemporary art and architecture, hoping to attract 55 from the neon-bathed streets of its neighbor Shanghai.
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The survey was conducted for Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization devoted to helping families find the right way to deal withthe world of media and technology.
Ninety-two percent of parents said they are concerned that children share too much information online, and 85 percent said they are more concerned about online privacy than they were five years ago. In other findings, Common Sense Media found that 68% of parents are not at all confident in search engines keeping their private information safe and secure and 71% of parents said the same about social networking sites.
The survey found a great deal of concern about the online geo-location
services which find and show the exact position of somebody through the net. Ninety-one percent of parents said search engines and social networking sites should not be able to share the physical location of children with other companies unless the parents approve.“The survey results present a clear divide between the industry’s view of privacy and the opinion of parents and kids,” Common Sense Media CEO and founder James Steyer said.
“American families are deeply worried about how their personal information is being used by technology and online companies, yet the companies appear to be keeping their heads deep in the sand,” Steyer said.
IT companies need to step up but parents, children, schools and government also need to do more, he said.
“Parents and kids have to educate themselves about how to protect their information,” he said. “Schools should teach all students and their parents about privacy protection.”
“And finally, policymakers have to update privacy policies for the 21st century,” he said. According to the survey, more than 60 percent of parents want the US Congress to update online privacy laws for children and teenagers.
小题1: What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?
| A．Refusing to admit the problem. | B．Refusing to work with others. |
| C．Trying to find a solution to the problem | D．Trying to look deep into the problem. |
children’s online privacy except __________.
| A．IT companies | B．Government | C．Schools | D．Nonprofit Organizations |
| A．Parents are worried about social networks because they lead to the children’s failing grades. |
| B．Most US parents agree that the online geo-location services should be forbidden. |
| C．Most USparents will support a law that limits IT companies to using personal information. |
| D．US Congress has not yet passed any online privacy law for children and teenagers. |
| A．US Congress to Update Privacy Policies for 21st Century |
| B．Common Sense Media Warns Against Social Networks |
| C．US Parents Want Better Online Privacy Protection for Kids |
| D．Worry Grows for Problems Caused by Social Networks |
A study of Gentral American leaf-cutter ants has shown that the younger and stronger members are give the toughest job of cutting therough the leaves they harvest.Their sharp youn teeth do this job effectively,but as they get older their teeth become relatively worn and blunt.
But rather than being retired or abandoned by the group,the ageing ants are given a new role more suyted to their physical abilities.They become carriers and teansport the leaves back to the kingdom where they are harvested for food.
The findings by researchers from the University of Oregon and the Oregong State University support previous research showin the survival of a leaf-cutter kingdom depends on the efficiency(效率）of is workers.
“Cuting leaves is hard work,”said Dr.Robert Schofield,who led the research team.“Much of the cutting is done with a V-shaped blade(刀片）between teeth on their jaws.This blade starts out as sharp as the sharpest razor blade that humans have developed.”But over rime the teeth become blunter and the cutting job slows down.The team estimated that,because of this age-related wear,a colony(蚁群)spent twice the energy cutting leaves than it would if all the ants had sharp blades.Its findings support the idea that wear and break can be significant problems for insects as well as largre animals.
Like humans,leaf-cuttre ant recognize that older members of the group can still make a worhwhile contribution to society.“This study shows an advantage of social living that we are familiar with,”said Dr.Schofield.
小题1:The younger and stronger ants do the toughest job because .
| A．they can teansport the leaves effectively |
| B．they have a sharp blade to cut leaves |
| C．other members are busy with other work |
| D．they can finish the job in a better organized way |
| A．quite loose | B．less sharp |
| C．quite fragile | D．more dirty |
| A．They no longer hve work to do. |
| B．They keep doing the same work. |
| C．They have to leave and live on themselves. |
| D．They are given a new worthwhile job. |
| A．Dr.Schofield is the first to research leaf-cuttre ants |
| B．older ants are more powerful in carrying leaves |
| C．large animals can also suffer from some kind of wear |
| D．leaf-cutter ants are the most lever ants in the world |
| A．The key secret to the success of ants |
| B．The developed structure of ant colony |
| C．The most challenging job for leaf-cutter ants |
| D．No V-shaped blade,no success of ants |
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