题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Filmmakers Michele dive into an eerie (怪诞的) world. The usually colorful corals are a ghostly white. Most of the fish, crabs, and other animals have disappeared. The reef is sick and dying.
Coral reefs are often called “the rainforests of the sea” because of their abundance of life forms. A great diversity of animals finds food and shelter in every crack and crevice.
Today’s reefs are about 10,000 years old. Found in sunny, shallow water in warm seas all over the world, reefs are made up of the hard shells of millions of corals. As corals live and die, they create a giant, rocky honeycomb. Only a thin top layer is living coral.
A reef grows only about as fast as your fingernails—three-quarters of an inch a year. But coral reefs are huge, and in time a healthy reef can be thousands of miles long.
Millions of people around the world rely on reef fish and other animals for food. And reefs provide protection from storms at sea. Without thousands of miles of reefs surrounding coastal areas, many beaches and even whole islands could be destroyed by the pounding of powerful ocean waves.
“Let’s say a grazing animal like the parrot fish is overfished,” Michele explains. “Without them, the kind of algae (海藻) that the fish feed on could grow like weeds and take over the reef. The competition for space and sunlight could then starve the coral.”
Nearly 27 percent of the world’s coral reefs have been lost or damaged. But there is hope. Many reefs around the world—including the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the reefs off the Florida Keys in the United States—are now protected areas where scientists study how to keep reefs healthy. They determine how many and which kinds of fish can be taken for food without hurting the reef’s delicate balance.
There is hope, too, that people will learn to be good partners to the reefs. “We want our film to inspire people to help coral reefs,” says Michele. “For me, even though I may not go back to the South Pacific, just knowing the reefs are there and thriving brings a sense of contentment (满足) to my spirit.”
小题1:What is the main purpose of the author in writing the passage?
| A．To describe what coral reefs are. |
| B．To tell people to protect coral reefs. |
| C．To introduce a film to people. |
| D．To ask people to visit coral reefs. |
| A．coral reefs grow very fast |
| B．there are few huge coral reefs |
| C．coral reefs appear mostly in deep water |
| D．it takes a long time to make a coral reef |
| A．coral reefs need sunlight to survive |
| B．the biggest enemies of reefs are weeds |
| C．the parrot fish feed on a kind of algae |
| D．it is easy to destroy coral reefs |
| A．Optimistic | B．Disappointed. | C．Uncertain. | D．Pessimistic (悲观的). |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析
小题1:主旨大意题。通读前文可知文章是呼吁大家保护珊瑚礁。
小题2:推理题。根据第四段第一行A reef grows only about as fast as your fingernails—three-quarters of an inch a year。可知珊瑚礁的形成非常难，要形成一个珊瑚礁需要很多年。
小题3:推理题。举这个例子就是想告诉大家破坏珊瑚礁是很容易的。
小题4:推理题。根据最后一段There is hope, too, that people will learn to be good partners to the reefs.可知作者还是比较乐观的。
核心考点
试题【 Filmmakers Michele dive into an eerie (怪诞的) world. The usually colorful corals 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Global emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning jumped by the largest amount on record in 2010. Emissions rose 5.9 percent in 2010, according to an analysis released on Sunday by the Global Carbon Project.
Scientists said the increase was almost certainly the largest absolute jump in any year since the Industrial Revolution. The increase solidified a trend of ever-rising emissions that will make it difficult, if not impossible, to stop severe climate change in coming decades.
The burning of coal represented more than half of the growth in emissions, the analysis found. In the United States, emissions dropped by a remarkable 7 percent in the year of 2009, but rose by over 4 percent in 2010, the new analysis shows.
“Each year, emissions go up, and there’s another year of negotiations, another year of indecision,” said Glen P. Peters, a researcher at the Center for International Climate and Environmental Research. “There’s no evidence that this path we’ve been following in the last 10 years is going to change.”
Scientists say the rapid growth of emissions is warming the Earth and putting human welfare at long-term risk. But their increasingly urgent pleas that society find a way to limit emissions have met sharp political resistance in many countries because doing so would involve higher energy costs.
The new figures show a continuation of a trend in which developing countries have surpassed (超过) the wealthy countries in their overall greenhouse emissions. In 2010, the burning of fossil fuels and the production of cement (水泥) sent more than nine billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere, the new analysis found, with 57 percent of that coming from developing countries.
On the surface, the figures of recent years suggest that wealthy countries have made headway in stabilizing their emissions. But Dr. Peters pointed out that, in a sense, the rich countries have simply exported some of them.
The fast rise in developing countries has been caused to a large extent by the growth of energy-intensive manufacturing industries that make goods that rich countries import. “All that has changed is the location in which the emissions are being produced,” Dr. Peters said.
Many countries, as part of their response to the economic crisis, invested billions in programs designed to make their energy systems greener. While it is possible, the new numbers suggest they have had little effect so far.
小题1:Many governments in the world resist limiting emissions because .
| A．it is not the best way to solve such problems |
| B．they don’t realize the risks of carbon emissions |
| C．it would probably harm human welfare in the long run |
| D．they are unwilling to accept higher energy costs |
| A．the rapid growth of emissions contributes to potential risks for humans |
| B．rich countries actually take more responsibility for the growth of emissions |
| C．human beings will follow the same path of negotiations in the next 10 years |
| D．some countries negotiate together yearly whether to reduce the amounts of emissions |
| A．Emissions in the United States dropped by about 7 percent in 2010. |
| B．Developing countries will produce less emissions with economic development. |
| C．There is a long way to go for many countries to limit the fast growth of emissions. |
| D．Over 50 percent of the growth in emissions resulted from the burning of fossil fuels. |
| A．an analysis released by the Global Carbon Project |
| B．the record jump in carbon dioxide emissions |
| C．the possible climate change in future decades |
| D．the main harm of greenhouse gases |
Which are you more likely to have with you at any given moment-your cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electronic scanner.
In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores. This is the first pay-by-phone practice in the U.S., but we’re likely to see more wireless payment alternatives as something called near field communication (NFC) gets into America’s consumer electronics. Last December, some new smart phones which contain an NFC chip were introduced to the public.
Already in use in parts of Asia and Europe, NFC allows shoppers to wave their phones a few inches above a payment terminal – a contact- free system built for speed and convenience. But before NFC becomes widely adopted in the U.S., a few problems need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable transaction（交易）fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave-and- pay systems that use NFC-enabled credit cards, cell phone service providers may try to muscle their way into the point-of-sale（POS）market. Three big cell phone service providers have formed a joint venture（合资企业）that will go into operation over the next 15 months. Its goal is “to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.”
The other big NFC issue, apart from how payments will be processed, is security. For instance, what’s to stop a thief from digitally pick-pocketing you? “We’re still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against you in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone,” says Jimmy Shah. A mobile- security researcher, “Users may also be able to set transaction limits, perhaps requiring a password to be entered for larger purchases.”
Still uneasy about this digital-wallet business? Keep in mind that if you lose your smart phone, it can be located on a map and remotely disabled. Plus, your phone can be password protected. Your wallet isn’t.
小题1:What is predicted to happen in the U.S.?
| A．The expansion of cell phone companies. |
| B．The boom of pay-by-phone business. |
| C．The disappearance of credit cards. |
| D．The increase of Starbucks sales. |
| A．ensure the safety of shoppers |
| B．collect transaction fees easily |
| C．make purchase faster and simpler |
| D．improve the quality of cell phones |
| A．strengthen their relationship |
| B．test the NFC technology |
| C．sell more cell phones |
| D．get a share in the payments industry |
| A．Stop the functioning of their phones. |
| B．Set up a password. |
| C．Get all the money out of their phones. |
| D．Report it to the bank. |
The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that people receive.
The most widespread fallacy(谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp(奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet（湿透）in drafty（通风的）room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other time, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
小题1:The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
| A．4 | B．5 | C．6 | D．3 |
| A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions |
| B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather |
| C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions |
| D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world |
| A．suffered a lot | B．never caught colds |
| C．often caught colds | D．became very strong |
| A．the experiments on the common cold |
| B．the fallacy about the common cold |
| C．the reason and the way people catch colds |
| D．the continued spread of common colds |
The day after news broke of a possible revolution in physics ——particles （粒子） moving faster than light ?a scientist leading the European experiment that made the discovery calmly explained it to a standing-room- only crowd at CERN．
The physicist, Dario Auterio, did not try to explain what the results might mean for the laws of physics, let alone the broader world．After an hour of technical talk, he simply said, "Therefore, we present to you today this difference, this unusualness．"
But what unusualness it may be．From 2009 through 2011, the massive OPERA detector （探测器）buried in a mountain in Gran Sasso, Italy, recorded subatomic particles called neutrinos （ 中微子） arriving faster than light can move in an empty space．The neutrinos generated at CERN are hardly detectably early．If confirmed, the finding would throw more than a century of physics into disorder．
"If it"s correct, it"s phenomenal．" said Rob Plunkett, a scientist at Fermilab, the Department of Energy physics laboratory in Illinois．"We"d be looking at a whole new set of rules" for how the universe works．Those rules would bend, or possibly break, Albert Einstein"s special theory of relativity, published in 1905．Basical at the time, the theory tied together space and time, matter and energy, and set a hard limit for the speed of light, later measured to be about 186, 000 miles per second．
No experiment in 106 years had broken that speed limit．Physicists expect strict study to follow, which OPERA and CERN scientists welcomed．
Fermilab operates a similar experiment, called MINOS, that shoots neutrinos from Illinois to an underground detector in Minnesota．In 2007, MINOS discovered a just detectable amount of faster than-light neutrinos, but the permissible difference of error was too big to "mention" , Plunkett said．
Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data, which will take six to eight months．In 2013, the MINOS detector, now offline, will restart after an upgrade．It could then offer confirmation of the results．
小题1:Why are the European scientists not sure about the results of the experiment?
| A．Because they are so unexpected． |
| B．Because the scientists do not believe them． |
| C．Because the scientists are careful and calm． |
| D．Because they are against the present law of physics． |
| A．amazing | B．attractive | C．embarrassing | D．sensitive |
| A．Are the laws of physics in disorder? |
| B．Particles faster than light; Revolution or mistake? |
| C．Faster than light measurement: right or wrong? |
| D．Is Einstein"s theory still right today? |
| A．Different opinions about the experiment． |
| B．How Albert Einstein"s theory developed． |
| C．The new rules for how the universe works． |
| D．How Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data． |
If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius（天才）, they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are realistic about what they expect their children to do, and are hopeful in a sensible（明智的） way, the child may succeed －especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.
Michael Li is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although his father is a good musician, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling to.
Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Both his parents are successful musicians, and they set too high a goal for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win. “When I was your age, I used to win every competition I entered.” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.
小题1:This passage is mainly about_______.
| A．how parents should bring up their children |
| B．what aim can be easier for a child to achieve |
| C．how parents should make a child a musician |
| D．what differences there are between parents |
| A．his parents help him in a practical way |
| B．he was born in a rich family |
| C．his father is a successful musician |
| D．he can do anything he likes |
| A．he has to do his best to do everything |
| B．he has made greater progress in music |
| C．he is afraid he may disappoint them |
| D．he wants to be a great musician someday |
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