题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Although it has long been accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan, it is also a fact that certain other organisms, such as reptiles and amphibians, appear to live indefinitely. The only reason we do not see 500-year-old alligators is because in the wild their lives are always in danger, from man, from pollution and from other animals. When they are kept in zoos they do not seem to age at all after they are fully grown. The same is true of some species of fish, which grow indefinitely and show no signs of ageing. The existence of animals with no fixed lifespan seems to indicate that an age gene really does exist. It is this gene which scientists are searching for, which may delay or repair damage to the body caused by ageing.
Another new area of research involves the oxidation(氧化) theory, which says that ageing is caused by the same process that makes iron rust. In controlled experiments, the lifespans of certain animals were shown to be lengthened with anti-oxidants; for example, the lifespan of mice can be increased by 30%. Antioxidants are already being used in face creams and other cosmetics, and they are likely to play an important part in keeping people physically young.
Perhaps the most immediate advance we are likely to see in the battle to halt(停止)the ageing process will be organ replacement. By the year 2020 it is likely that we will be replacing injured bones or even organs like livers and kidneys with ones “grown” in laboratories. By 2050 perhaps every organ in the body, except the brain, will have become commercially available. Recent experiments also show that it may one day be possible to “grow” new organs inside our body to replace worn-out ones, something which lizards and alligators already do.
Suddenly immortality(不死,不朽) seems within reach. We can begin to imagine a future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die. But do we really want to live forever?
小题1: When all humans reach a certain age, .
A.they suffer the effects of their diet and lifestyle |
B.the organs stop to perform appropriately |
C.their cells continue to renew themselves |
D.they develop arthritis and Alzheimer’s |
A.alligators are in danger in the wild because of the threat from man, pollution and other animals |
B.it is widely accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan |
C.there exists an age gene which may control ageing |
D.the age gene damages the body |
A.live for a period of time without a fixed end |
B.live without a clear aim |
C.live in an uncertain way |
D.live without being fully grown |
A.by 2050 we might have most of our worn-out organs replaced with new ones commercially |
B.never can the ageing process be avoided |
C.livers and kidneys are sure to be grown in laboratories by the year 2020 |
D.lizards and alligators grow new organs inside their body to replace worn-out ones |
A.DNA researches show how our cells renew themselves. |
B.Anti-oxidants are likely to play an important part in keeping people young. |
C.How our biological clock works? |
D.Eternal(永恒的) youth: new developments in anti-ageing research. |
A.a future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die is on its way |
B.he is uncertain whether we can live forever |
C.it remains to be seen whether immortality is a blessing or a curse |
D.immortality is no longer a dream |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:A
小题5:D
小题6:C
解析
试题分析:本文介绍了人类的寿命即使非常的健康也会最多只要120年,现代医学的进步也许到2050年我们能够做到将坏死的器官进行更替,但是作者发出疑问,在未来我们真的就想长生不老吗?
小题1:细节题。从文章We all have a biological clock inside us which determines the moment when our organs cease to function properly. This is because our cells have stopped renewing themselves and our body can no longer repair itself.可知,当人类达到某一个年龄是,器官就会衰退,故选B
小题2:推断题。从第二自然段及The existence of animals with no fixed lifespan seems to indicate that an age gene really does exist. It is this gene which scientists are searching for, which may delay or repair damage to the body caused by ageing.
可知存在年龄方面的基因来控制年龄,故选C
小题3:推断题。从文章Although it has long been accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan, it is also a fact that certain other organisms, such as reptiles and amphibians, appear to live indefinitely.可知,这个词的意思应该是生活一段时间,但并不存在确定的终点,故选A
小题4:细节题。从文章By 2050 perhaps every organ in the body, except the brain, will have become commercially available.可知,本题选A
小题5:主旨题。从最后一段Suddenly immortality(不死,不朽) seems within reach. We can begin to imagine a future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die. But do we really want to live forever?可知,本文最好的标题应该是D
小题6:推断题。作者表示是否我们真的想要长生不老吗?作者表示出了怀疑,所以此处作者是在说长生不老是好还是坏真的不是很清楚,所以此处填C
点评:本文对人的寿命情况进行了相关的说明,对于此类题,可以通过文章结构中所提的问题来迅速的理解全文,对整体段落的概括也相对容易。答题过程中在结合题目在文章中准确定位,相信每个题目都在文章中能找到相应的地方,把握好作者的意思准确作答。
核心考点
试题【Even if we have an extremely healthy diet and lifestyle, the human body is progr】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
It’s a bit surprising that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. She co-wrote the review paper with Nichole R.Lighthall. “This is sort of not what people would think, ” Mather says. “Stress is usually associated with negative experiences, so you’d think, maybe I’m going to be more focused on the negative outcomes.”
But researchers have found that when people are under stress, they start paying more attention to positive information and discounting negative information. “Stress seems to help people learn from positive feedback and impairs(削弱)their learning from negative feedback, ” Mather says.
When people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the good sides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the problems. So someone who’s deciding whether to take a new job and is feeling stressed by the decision might focus on the increase in salary more than the longer commute(上下班往返).
The increased focus on the positives also helps explain why stress plays a role in addictions. People under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get that reward comes stronger and they’re less able to resist it,” Mather says. A person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from a drug, while the downsides shrink into the distance.
Stress also increases the differences in how men and women think about risk. When men are under stress, they become even more willing to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative(保守的). Previous research backs this up — men usually react to difficulties while trying to fight them or escape them; women try to find friends and improve their relationships.
小题1:By saying “You might want to hold off on that” in the first paragraph, the writer suggests that .
A.you might want to delay making your big decision |
B.you should save the presentation for later |
C.you should avoid taking risks |
D.you might benefit from the stress |
A.often leads people to take more risks |
B.often leads people to make balanced decisions |
C.makes people think more of negative results |
D.makes people ignore the negative side of problems |
A.Stress is helpful in getting rid of addictions. |
B.People who are addicted to drugs are easily stressed. |
C.When women are stressed, they do not tend to take risks. |
D.When men are stressed, they are more likely to develop an addiction. |
A.Stress can affect decision-making. |
B.Stress increases our desire to get rewards. |
C.We should think more about the upside of problems. |
D.There is a link between stress and negative experiences. |
Whales are not fishes but mammals (哺乳动物). Their body temperature stays the same, and does not change with the temperature of their environment. They breathe air, so they have to come out of the water to get oxygen. Thus, they cannot afford to fall into a sleeping state for too long, since they need to be awake in order to breathe. It is thought that only half of their brains sleep at a time, so that whales are never completely asleep. Females give birth to the young. They have hair. Although they are not covered in hair or fur like many mammals, whales have some bristles (胡子), usually on their heads.
Whales are highly social animals with complex languages and intelligence. They communicate with each other using romantic sounds, called “whale songs”. Being so large and powerful, these sounds are also loud.
Whales are endangered as a result of whaling (捕鲸) from the eleventh century to the twentieth. It has attracted the attention of environmentalists and some measures (措施) have been taken to protect whales.
小题1:How many aspects show that whales are mammals?
A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.whales can breathe in the water |
B.if a whale sleeps too long, it will get drowned |
C.in order to breathe, whales never sleep |
D.whales give birth to the young on the land |
A.By body language. | B.By speaking languages. |
C.By making song-like sounds. | D.By giving off a smell. |
A.Whales are cold-blooded mammals like fishes. |
B.Whales are hunted for food by people. |
C.Whales are very harmful to human beings. |
D.Whales are in danger because of being killed by people. |
What most of us looked at as waste was converted to a thing of utility by Prithwis Mukhopadlyay, a 14-year-old prodigy. This Bengali boy, nourished in the US, Lake Junior High in Woodbury, Minnesota, has come up with an idea to convert banana peels to biogas.(生物气).
It"s well known that almost any organic waste can be converted to biogas. But why biogas from banana peel has hit the news is because it produced five times as much biogas as manure(粪), a commonly used source for producing biogas, in the experiments Prithwis conducted.
He filled two airtight containers, one with manure and the other with banana peels. Then he mixed each content with water and connected them to empty jars via pipes to collect the gas produced. He placed a heater next to each jar and measured the gas collected for 60 days. His studies proved that banana peels produced five times more biogas than manure.
This project titled "Comparison analysis: Eco-friendly source of energy for the future," earned him a spot in Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge. This weekend, the young whiz is to showcase his research work along with 40 other finalists at Washington. "Initially, I thought of doing a project that would reduce global warming. Things changed after I visited a biogas plant in a village in India during my summer vacations. It was an amazing experience," Prithwis says.
小题1:Why could Prithwis"s finding receive the attention of the media?
A.Because he is a prodigy. |
B.Because he is of Bengali descent. |
C.Because he used an extremely rare organic waste to produce biogas. |
D.Because his research proved that banana peels can produce more biogas. |
A.Lake Junior High. B Discovery Channel.
C. India. D.His laboratory at home.
小题3:This article probably appeared in a _________ magazine.
A.gourmet | B.science | C.computer | D.fashion |
The positive side of plastic bags
Grocery stores, shopping centres, and restaurants are not thrifty in using and giving out plastic bags because they cost no more than a cent each, while a paper bag costs four cents. Plastic bags are produced so cheaply and massively(大量地)that they are used by 80% of store owners. In addition, they are light and very easy to carry and store.
The production of plastic bags has increased greatly over the last 20 years and producers of plastic bags are making large profits. However, the negative side of plastic bags is becoming well-known. More people are now getting worried that the earth is becoming a victim of the plastic bag success story.
The negative side of plastic bags
While production and consumption(消费)of plastic bags is good for business, it is not so for our Mother Earth. They have resulted in an increase in the amount of litter found floating in water or in the streets where we live.
Plastic storage bags, after usage, usually go to landfills(垃圾填埋地)as trash bags. They make the oceans poison sea animals. They give off toxins(毒素)when burned. They simply pollute the ground, air and water.
That is the true cost of plastic bags, and it looks like it is more than a cent. These are very alarming concerns and proper action needs to be taken.
小题1:According to Paragraph 3, plastic bag producers ________.
A.are now worried that the earth will become a victim of plastic bags |
B.don’t think they have done enough to popularize plastic bags |
C.have not realized the harm of plastic bags |
D.have succeeded in popularizing the use of plastic bags |
A.plastic bags harm the earth severely |
B.most plastic bags are not made use of |
C.the prices of plastic bags are reasonable |
D.plastic bags are the leading polluter on the earth |
A.How plastic bags are produced. |
B.How plastic bags are used. |
C.How to popularize the use of paper bags. |
D.How to solve the problems caused by plastic bags. |
小题1:Which of the following best gives the main idea of the passage?
A.Computer helps find the best program for mixing plants. |
B.Computer helps produce more crops. |
C.Computer helps protect against insects and diseases. |
D.Computer helps grow different plants. |
A.the kinds of crops to be planted together |
B.the way for different crops to be mixed |
C.both A and B |
D.either A or B |
A.whether we should grow cotton and tomato together |
B.how we should plant cotton and tomato together |
C.what will happen if we grow potato, instead of tomato, together with cotton |
D.how we can grow rice in the tomato field |
A.man power | B.seeds | C.time | D.land |
A.Computers can tell farmers how many plants can grow together. |
B.With the help of computers farmers don"t have to do a lot of work. |
C.With the help of computers farmers can get better results. |
D.The change of one plant may cause a change in production. |
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