题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Things were similar last year in the Sichuan earthquake. Thousands of people were buried in the ruins and lost their lives. What if we could have warned them?
People are always racking their brains to find a way of preventing buildings’ collapse. Better materials and technology help，but they are not a solution.
Just like humans，a building has its own life cycle from “birth” to “death”．If we know when a building is going to collapse，we can repair it in advance or get out of it before it falls.
Now，scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a material that turns red before it breaks. The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes or bridge supports.
The research was led by Nancy Sottos，a professor at the university’s Beckman Institute，and Douglas Davis，a graduate research assistant.
The secret behind the colorchanging material is a type of molecule (分子)．A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Imagine you and your friends standing in a circle，holding hands. Each person stands for one atom，your hands represent the bonds，and the entire circle represents a molecule. If one person lets go of his or her hands，the molecule changes color.
The research team put the molecule into a soft material. When the researchers stretched the material，it turned bright red for a few seconds before it broke into two pieces. When they repeatedly stretched and relaxed the material，without breaking it，it only turned a little red.
The major problem is that light can get rid of the red color. When the team shone bright light on the molecule，the broken bond was fixed，and the color disappeared.
If the bright light keeps the red color from appearing，the material’s warning system will be useless. Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorchanging molecules can be used outside the lab.
小题1:What does the passage mainly introduce?
| A．The collapse of an overpass in Zhuzhou，Hunan Province. |
| B．The Sichuan earthquake |
| C．A material that turns red before it breaks. |
| D．A way of preventing building from collapsing. |
| A．suffering a lot | B．collecting beyond imagination |
| C．losing a lot | D．thinking very hard |
| A．Thousands of people died from the collapse of buildings in the Sichuan earthquake because they hadn’t been warned. |
| B．There is no building that will never collapse. |
| C．A new material has been applied to buildings to warn people of collapse. |
| D．A colorchanging material can turn red before it breaks. |
| A．The colorchanging molecules are certain to be used outside the lab. |
| B．There will be no collapse with the help of the colorchanging material. |
| C．There is a long way to go before the material can be applied. |
| D．The problem caused by bright light will be solved by scientists. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:C
解析
试题分析：这篇文章主要介绍了一种在坏掉之前可以变成红色的材料，介绍了材料变色的原理。这种新型的材料处于研究阶段，还没有应用于建筑，在这种材料被应用之前，还有很长一段路需要走。
小题1:主旨题：根据Now，scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a material that turns red before it breaks. The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes or bridge supports.可知这篇文章主要介绍了一种在坏掉之前可以变成红色的材料， 故选C。
小题2:猜词题：根据People are always racking their brains to find a way of preventing buildings’ collapse. Better materials and technology help，but they are not a solution.可猜出racking their brains意思是很努力地想，故选D。
小题3:细节题：根据Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorchanging molecules can be used outside the lab.可知这种新型的材料处于研究阶段，还没有应用于建筑，故选C。
小题4:推断题：根据If the bright light keeps the red color from appearing，the material’s warning system will be useless. Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorchanging molecules can be used outside the lab.可知从文章可以推断出在这种材料被应用之前，还有很长一段路需要走，故选C。
核心考点
试题【A huge cloud of dust rose and an overpass disappeared. This was the scene in Zhu】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Dear editor,
I’d like to express my opinion about grades. Students should be allowed to study without worrying about grades. Fortunately, most educators are becoming aware of the fact that students have different interests and abilities. I understand that grades are useful, but grades often limit creativity. Competing for better grades causes many students to turn down opportunities to pursue music, dramatics and sports. Grades force an arbitrary(武断的) standard of success on everyone. I do not demand as some extremists do, that grades be removed immediately. However, I do believe that less emphasis should be placed on grades. I hope that someday grades will become optional at Village High School.
Magdalena Smith
Drama Club
Dear editor,
I’d like to say something about grades. Let’s face the facts about grades. Grades perform three basic functions. First, grades motivate students to work at their highest level of competence. Second, they act as a reward for hardworking students and as a punishment to students who do not work hard. Finally, grades are used as an effective standard by which to measure student achievement. Good grades help students to get jobs and to get into university. I"ve spoken with a number of students who have jobs, and most of them say that they were hired primarily on the basis of their grades. My grades helped me land a part-time job and will help me get into university next year. I think grades are extremely important at Village High School.
Simon Harper
Science Club
小题1:Which of the following is not Magdalena Smith’s opinion?
| A．Students may give up the chance to learn music and sports for grades. |
| B．Students’ creativity may not be developed for grades. |
| C．Grades should not be used to measure a person’s success. |
| D．Grades should be taken away at once. |
| A．believes in the benefits of good grades |
| B．is concerned about students" creativity |
| C．doesn"t work too hard at his studies |
| D．supports students" interests and abilities |
| A．teacher | B．headmaster | C．student | D．advertiser |
While many flights by plane are controlled automatically by machines, most people today wouldn’t let their car drive itself. That’s because currently the autopilot function on your car can only keep it on the same course you are travelling on. It won’t turn the car right or left. It won’t stop if an animal jumps in the way. However, cars today can sense when something is too close and warn the driver with flashing lights and alarms. Many cars also have GPS（global positioning systems） that tell drivers which road to take and when to turn. These systems, unlike human drivers, never get lost. In the future, it is easy to believe that your car will be better able to drive itself with the aid of computers that can determine the position of your car and the speed it should travel at.
In addition to computers being ‘smarter’ than people regarding the best way to go or knowing how close another vehicle is, computers don’t get sick, tired, or angry. This means they won’t make the same mistakes that people make when they are not having a good day. While responding with emotion is a good thing when choosing the best way to deal with a friend’s personal problem, it may not be such a good thing when deciding what to do at the wheel of a fast-moving vehicle.
So what are the disadvantages of autopilot systems? Maybe one disadvantage is that a small computer problem could cause a serious accident. It could also be argued that in unexpected situations, computers might not be able to respond appropriately; some decisions require human emotions. Another problem might be that if everything were controlled by computers or robots, people wouldn’t have any jobs.
小题1:What is the best title for the passage?
| A．The Development of Autopilot |
| B．Technology of Future Travel |
| C．A New Driving System |
| D．Computerized Cars |
| A． It won’t make the same mistakes as people do. |
| B． It can point out the best route for the driver. |
| C． It might not respond properly to unexpected situations. |
| D．It does not have human emotions to influence its function. |
| A．inform you of the danger |
| B．turn the car right or left |
| C．do nothing about it |
| D．stop the car |
| A．Approving. | B．Objective. | C．Negative. | D．Doubtful. |
The plan and suggestion for its implementation(实施) will be announced in the first half of next year. It will be piloted in selected provinces and cities and promoted nationwide from 2017. A new exam and admission system will be established by 2020, according to the education ministry.
The decision has aroused a heated discussion among Shanghai educators and parents who doubted the reform would reduce the burden of learning English or if the substitute test could reflect a student’s English skills and help students learn English better.
“The reform shows China is learning from the West to give students more test-taking chances. But more chances might become more of a burden since Chinese students are likely to repeat the test until they get the highest score,” said Cai Jigang, a professor at Fudan University’s College of Foreign Languages and Literature and chairman of the Shanghai Advisory Committee for College English Teaching at Tertiary level.
Yu Lizhong, chancellor of New York University Shanghai, where classes are in English and students are required to have a high standard of English, said the most important aspect of the reform lay in what to test and how to test.
“As far as I see, the reform doesn’t mean English is no longer important for Chinese students after it will be excluded from the college entrance exam,” Yu said. “In a way, English is even more important than before since the test would only serve as reference, while every college and university, even every major, can have different requirements of a student’s English skills under a diverse evaluation system.”
Yu said some students will have their study pressure reduced if the major they choose doesn’t need excellent English while others still need to study hard if they want to be among the best students.
The education ministry said the reform would not affect students attending the college entrance exam over the next three years.
小题1:What can we learn from the first paragraph?
| A．English will become less and less important in the stage of compulsory education. |
| B．It has been 30 years since English became one subject of national college entrance exam. |
| C．China’s once-in-a-lifetime exam system is unacceptable at all. |
| D．The system that tests are held several times does more good than once-in-a-lifetime exam system. |
| A．the new exam and admission system will make no difference. |
| B．English shouldn’t be removed from China’s college entrance exam. |
| C．the reform may accomplish the very opposite. |
| D．Western educational system does not apply to China. |
| A．Students needn’t lay a good foundation during the period of high school. |
| B．Whether students should study English hard may depend on their major. |
| C．Students can constantly struggle for perfection only in their major. |
| D．English must be close to full mark. |
| A．To advise students not to devote themselves to English. |
| B．To call on Education Department to remove English from “Gaokao”. |
| C．To support the act of Ministry of Education |
| D．To encourage students to do as they have planned. |
But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life. They protect us from unskilled drivers, harmful products and dishonest professionals. In schools too exams play a. constructive role. They tell public officials whether new school programs are making a difference and where new investments are likely to pay off.
They tell teachers what their students have learned--and have not. They tell parents how their children are doing compared with others their age. They encourage students to make more effort.
It is important to recall that for most of century, educators used intelligence tests to decide whichchildren should get a high-quality education. The point of IQ testing was to find out how much children were capable of learning rather than to test what they had actually learned. Based on IQ scores, millions of children
were assigned to dumbed-down programs instead of solid courses in science, math, history, literature andforeign language.
This history reminds us that tests should be used to improve education. Every child should have access to a high-quality education. Students should have full opportunity to learn what will be tested; otherwise theirscores will merely reflect whether they come from an educated family.
In the past few years, we have seen the enormous benefits that flow to disadvantaged students because of the information provided by state tests. Those who fall behind are now getting extra instruction inafter-school classes and summer programs. In their efforts to improve student performance, states are
increasing teachers salaries, testing new teachers and insisting on better teacher education.
Performance in education means the mastery of both knowledge and skills. This is why it is reasonable totest teachers to make sure they know their subject matter, as well as how to teach it to young children. And this is why it is reasonable to assess whether students are ready to advance to the next grade or graduate
from high school.
小题1:According to the passage, school exams enable ______.
| A．governments to make right policieshave made efforts |
| B．students to meet their teachers" requirements |
| C．teachers to understand if their students |
| D．parents to compare their kids" behavior across schools |
| A．lead to high-quality education |
| B．are less academically challenging |
| C．are intended for intelligent students |
| D．enable children to make steady progress |
| A．Disadvantaged students can benefit from state tests. |
| B．Tests should focus on what students have actually learned. |
| C．Intelligent tests decide if children should get a high - quality education. |
| D．Intelligent tests are helpful in separating excellent students from poor ones. |
| A．To re-assess the value of IQ testing. |
| B．To defend the role of testing in education. |
| C．To explain what high-quality education means. |
| D．To call for thorough and complete reform in education. |
The device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”, an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a smart or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a battery-powered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超声的) pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音调) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.
The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Denny’s sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus , by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超声波) passes its edges. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peek-a-boo with his mother. Standing on her knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the first time he wore it,” says Mrs. Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”
What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment.
Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc, is working on the development of sonar(声纳) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis’s for use by school-age children.
小题1:Dr. and Mrs. Daughters’ research is directed to ________.
| A．helping the blind to see and learn as well as others |
| B．benefiting the learning process of blind children |
| C．solving blind children’s psychological problems |
| D．finding out how children develop intellectually |
| A．he already lags behind the sighted children |
| B．he leads a life as normal as any other children |
| C．he is at the early stage of the learning process |
| D．he has the aid of a sonar-type electronic device |
| A．Its first design was designed for blind adults. |
| B．Its battery is as small as a half-dollar coin. |
| C．It is functionally similar to a sane and guide dog. |
| D．It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc. |
| A．the edge of an object |
| B．the edge of the device |
| C．the boundary of Dennis’ movement |
| D．the boundary of the sound pitch. |
最新试题
- 1如图18-1-8所示，甲、乙、丙、丁四个LC振荡电路中，某时刻振荡电流i的方向如箭头所示.下列对各回路情况的判断正确的是
- 2句型转换。1. Han Mei has to stand in line. (改一般疑问句)
- 3一块砖放在水平地面上，有平放、侧放、竖放三种放法，对地面产生的压强 [ ]A．竖放最大B．侧放最大C．平放最大D
- 4在第16届广州亚运会上，中国运动员取得骄人的成绩。下列运动项目在比赛过程中，运动员不可看作质点的是 [ ]A.武
- 5物体由于发生______而具有的能叫弹性势能．弹性形变______越大，弹性势能越大．
- 6某同学使用显微镜时，在低倍镜视野中看到的图像如右上图，他想将物像移到视野正中应将玻片A．向左上移动B．向右上移动C．向左
- 7著名学者宋鸿兵《货币战争》一书引起了网民热议，它揭示了对金钱的角逐如何主导着西方历史的发展与国家财富的分配，也从一个侧面
- 8用落体法研究机械能守恒定律的实验中，某同学按照正确的操作选得纸带，但在处理纸带的过程中不小心把纸带撕成三个小段，并丢失了
- 9把下图表示的内容，用文字说明的方式，填写在空格内，字数不得超过给定的空格。（每图不超过20字）教学过程三种方式的示意图
- 101492年，率领船队横渡大西洋，开辟从欧洲通往美洲新航路的航海家是[ ]A．迪亚士B．达·伽马C．哥伦布D．麦哲
热门考点
- 1下列各句中没有语病的一项是( )A．本片主要演员有古月、卢奇、孙飞虎、刘锡田、谢伟才、孙雏民、傅学诚等演员担纲主演。
- 2I’m Ann. I’m English. I’m twelve. I was born on May17th ,200
- 3小红要求△ABC最长边上的高，测得AB=8cm，AC=6cm，BC=10cm，则可知最长边上的高是[ ]A.48
- 4弹簧测力计下吊一个金属圆柱体，当金属圆柱体缓慢浸入水中时，测力计的示数将逐渐__________，这是因为金属圆柱体受水
- 5仔细观察下面心脏结构图，回答下列问题。（1）填出图中所示结构的名称： ②__________（2）在心脏的四个腔中，充满
- 6如果袋中有6个红球，4个白球，从中任取1球，记住颜色后放回，连续抽取4次，设X为取得红球的次数，求X的概率分布列。
- 7有人说洋务运动是“有心栽花花不开，无心插柳柳成荫”。这里的“柳”是指 [ ]A．增强封建统治的力量 C．抑制外国
- 8综合探究。新文化运动过程中，不但出现了很多历史上的勇士，而且对其后中国历史的发展产生了很深的影响。探究一：中华民族的精神
- 9发展对于全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化建设具有决定性意义。加快生产力发展必须全面提高劳动者的素质，这是因为A．
- 10【题文】读“地球公转示意图”，完成下列各题：（9分）【小题1】地球运行至A点时，太阳直射在_________上，此时是北