阅读理解。     A new eight-kilometre road is under construction that links the port area with the motorway system.
It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in
the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometre road tunnels are being built below the
central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for traffic to the south. The two tunnels
are about 20 metres below the surface and are 12 metres wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each
direction.
     In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and
keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point.
There will also be electronic signs at frequent intervals (间隔). They show traffic conditions ahead, and can
be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering
and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining (混凝土衬砌).

	Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system (排水系统), just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along
1-4: D C B D
阅读理解。
Monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) are a common summer sight in the northern United States and Canada. These large orange and black insects (昆虫) brighten parks and gardens as they fly lightly among the flowers. What makes monarchs particularly interesting is that they migrate (迁飞)-all the way to California or Mexico and back. They are thought to be the only insect that does this.      Every year in the late summer monarchs begin their journey to the south. Those heading for Mexico go first for the Louisiana-Mississippi area, then fly across the Gulf of Mexico into Texas. Once in Mexico, they settle themselves in one of about fifteen places in a mountain forest filled with fir trees. Each place provides a winter home for millions of monarchs. The butterflies are so many that they often cover entire trees. When spring comes, they begin their long journey north. The question is often asked whether every butterfly makes the round-trip journey every year. And the answer is no. The average monarch lives about nine months. So one flying north might lay eggs in Louisiana and then die. The eggs of that generation may be found in Kentucky ; the eggs of the next generation may end up in Wisconsin or Michigan. The last generation of the season, about the fourth, will make their way back to Mexico and restart the journey.      Scientists learn about monarchs" migration by catching and making marks on the insects. By recatching a monarch with such a mark and noticing where it came from, the next scientist can get to know things like the butterfly"s age and its routing (路线).
1. One of the places where monarchs spend the winter is _____.
A. the Gulf of Mexico B. an area in Mississippi C. a forest in Mexico D. a plain in Texas
2. The routing of monarchs" migration can be learned _____.
A. by examining the marks made on them B. by collecting their eggs in the mountains C. by comparing their different ages D. by counting the dead ones in the forests
3. What is the subject discussed in the passage?
A. Migration of monarchs. B. Scientists" interest in monarchs. C. Winter home of monarchs. D. Life and death of monarchs.
阅读理解。
Millions of aircraft take off around the world every year. The skies they fly in seem limitless-miles of empty space. But, with the number of flights increasing each year, this emptiness no longer exists. Researchers in the world of aviation (航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids (辅助设备) to aviation control.      People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety. A great deal of money is spent on new and bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air. Only a small percentage of this money is spent on navigation (导航) and other aids. Actually, suitable electronic equipment has long existed, and many companies market safety aids designed to make it safer for aircraft to take off, fly any distance, and land, whatever the weather. Yet, there are two problems to be solved. The first is to get governments, airlines and airport officials to agree to basic levels of safety aids. The second problem is to find a way of meeting these basic requirements.      But no matter how well the equipment works, operators of the equipment still play an important role. Communications between pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety. It is worth pointing our that the mishearing or misunderstanding of instructions in English, and the use of another language, in an international conversation, have led to two recent aircraft accidents. A new type of instrument (仪器) called FLIGHTWATCH would help pilots prevent airport collisions. It would be particularly helpful near airports.
1. The increasing number of flights leads to the fact that _____.
A. flying is no longer limited in the sky B. there is no empty space for aids to aviation control C. piloting and controlling planes is getting more difficult D. the pressure on the ground becomes greater
2. There is uncertainty about air safety because _____.
A. planes become bigger for the increasing number of passengers B. money spent on electronic equipment is far from enough C. suitable electronic equipment hasn"t been invented yet D. it is dangerous for planes to take off or land
3. The underlined word " collisions" probably means _____.
A. accidents in which two planes hit each other B. misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers C. quarrels among passengers D. breakdowns of new types of instrument
4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. governments and officials have paid great attention to air safety B. there should be more companies to sell new safety aids C. English should be used in an international conversation D. understanding between pilots and ground controllers should be improved
阅读理解。
Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures (文化). The increasingly popular " design museums" that are opening today, however, perform quite a different role. Unlike most art museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the center of the hall.       People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales-it is the honoring of excellently invented products. The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase in a design museum is that the first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale.      One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar with the exhibits. Unlike the average art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel frightened or puzzled (困惑). This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass- produced products work and look as they do, and how design has improved the quality of our lives. Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their understanding.      In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried to satisfy the public"s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London"s Design Museum, for example, shows a collection of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian fish-tins. The choices open to design museums seem far less strict than those to art museums, and visitors may also sense the humorous (幽默的)part of our society while walking around such exhibits as interesting and unusually attractive toys collected in our everyday life.
1. Showcases in design museums are different from store windows because they _____.
A. show more technologically advanced products B. help increase the sales of products C. show why the products have sold well D. attract more people than store windows do
2. The author believes that most design museum visitors _____.
A. do not admire mass-produced products B. are puzzled with technological exhibits C. dislike exhibits in art museums D. know the exhibits very well
3. The choices open to design museums _____.
A. are not as strict as those to art museums B. are not aimed to interest the public C. may fail to bring some pleasure to visitors D. often contain precious exhibits
4. The best title for this passage is _____.
A. The forms of design museums B. The exhibits of design museums C. The nature of design museums D. The choices open to design museums
阅读理解。
A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods; change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. "One week later," Loftus says, "we told those people we"d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences." Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节):"You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream." The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促生的) memory through leading questions－Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they"d avoid eating it.       When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it"s not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don"t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it"s for the patient"s benefit.      Loftus says there"s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. "I say, wake up－ parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that"s a more moral lie. Decide that for yourself."
1. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?
A. To improve her computer program. B. To find out their attitudes towards food. C. To find out details she can make use of. D. To predict what food they"ll like in the future.
2. What did Loftus find out from her research?
A. People believe what the computer tells them. B. People can be led to believe in something false. C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences. D. People are not always aware of their personalities.
3. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they ______.
A. learn it is harmful for health B. lie to themselves that they don"t want it C. are willing to let doctors control their minds D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it
4. What is the biggest concern with the method?
A. Whether it is moral. B. Who it is best for. C. When it is effective. D. How it should be used.
Reading comprehension.
We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.      Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed-no examination is perfect-but to have to tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.      Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-a form of favouritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school"s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.      The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.
1. The word "favouritism" in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that _____.
A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
2. What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?
A. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation. B. There would be more opportunities and excellence. C. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools. D. Children"s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.
3. The opponents of the examination system will agree that _____.
A. jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs C. special classed are necessary to keep the school standards D. schools with academic subjects should be done away with
4. The passage mainly focuses on _____.
A. schools and certificates B. examination and equality C. opportunity and employment D. standards and reputation