题目
题型：湖北省高考真题难度：来源：
probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they
sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay
out of their territory.
Do you know what a "territory" is? A territory is an area that an animal,usually the male, claims (声称)
as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there.No other families of the same species (物种) are
welcome. Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a
stranger should enter your territory and threaten you,you might shout. Probably this would be enough to
frighten him away.
If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing.
But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting (筑巢) season. So he is screaming all the
time,whether he can see an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird"s song,and it is usually
enough to keep an outsider away.
Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the
territory of theirs.
You can see that birds have a language all their own. Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting
up territories.
B. a way of warning
C. an expression of anger
D. a way of greeting
B. A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.
C. An area for which birds fight against each other.
D. An area which a bird considers to be its own.
B. Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away.
C. Because they want to find outsiders around.
D. Because their singing helps get rid of their fears.
B. By reporting experiment results.
C. By describing birds" daily life.
D. By telling a bird"s story.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they wer】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided ; when to attack and when to run away. The animal
is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decision-a
matter of life or death.
Animals" ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call"genetic (遗传性的)
learning", which is different from the individual (个体的) learning that an animal does in the course of its
own lifetime. Genetic learning is learning by a species -animals of the same kind-as a whole, and it is
achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way. However,
the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more
important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over
the problems of the survival game. Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one
generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic
learning.
In the great majority of animals, their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound
(复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with.That is why animals
can survive.
B. if the animal plays a dangerous game
C. when the animal attacks its enemy
D. when the animal runs too slowly
B. their environments change all the time
C. they can act reasonably on their own
D. it takes their whole life to learn
B. genetic learning is less important for animals
C. individual learning plays a less important role
D. animals cannot get over problems on their on their own
B. the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime
C. their experience in particular environments
D. the knowledge passed on by their parents
had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same?For more than 30
years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted (反应) to the
cold, dry climates of the ice ages, but until now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow
global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year; equal
to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate
change? If it gets drier, will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be
able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted
to climate change in the past.
Unfortunately,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult. To study past
climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen,kept in lake muds. Going back to the last ice age means
drilling deep down into lake sediments (沉淀物),which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery.
There are very few roads and paths,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest
way to enter the forest,but this still leaves vast ares between the rivers completely unsampled (未取样). So far,
only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough
information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.
B. taking in
C. wiping out
D. giving out
B. It"ll remain steamy,warm,damp and thick.
C. It"ll get warmer and then colder and drier.
D. There is no exact answer up to present.
B. It"s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.
C. It"s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.
D. It"s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate.
B. Climates of the Amazon
C. Secrets of the Rainforests
D. Changes of the Rainforests
or fight back.. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend
themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have
sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than
leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some
grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal"s teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an
unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.
When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends
to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has
prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind
of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
B. like the lower leaves only
C. are not clever enough
D. can get the lower leaves easily
B. physical means
C. bitter chemicals
D. sandy materials
B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
B. How Plants Defend Themselves
C. Attacks and Defenses
D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves
the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many
things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper
knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature
of life and of its continuous development. Technology m the application of science m has made big advances
that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to
human beings: in pure science-a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science-a more
reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing
damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons
of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We
have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the
Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large
that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as
of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together. ""The
above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities-science-seems to prove what
Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically
programmed for war?
B. a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war
C. the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons
D. the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth
B. mixed
C. sad
D. happy
B. More reading of William Shakespeare.
C. Proper use of science in the new century.
D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.
the rush of energy as waves came over you."?" asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. "There is certainly a lot of energy in waves," he said.
Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow
across the ocean. "The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those
ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves," Taylor said."Waves are one of nature"s ways of picking up
energy and then sending it off on a journey."
When waves come toward the shore, people can set up darns to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮机). The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity.
"The resource is huge," said Janet Swain of the Worldwatch Institute. "We will never run out of wave
power." Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil or coal.
Oceans cover three-quarters of the Earth"s surface-that would make wave power seem ideal for creating energy throughout the world, though there are some weak points yet to overcome.
Swain said that wave power still costs too much money. She also said that its effects on sea animals are still
unknown. What is more, wave power could affect fishing and boat traffic.
Traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out. "Demand for energy to power our TVs
and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is rising rapidly throughout the world," Swain said. In the future when you turn on a light, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!
B. draw the readers" attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor"s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
B. speeding up
C. gathering
D. improving
B. build more small power stations on the oceans
C. reduce the cost of turning it into electric power
D. quicken the steps of producing electricity
B. our boat traffic
C. our power supply
D. our supply of sea fish
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