they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will
"obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak , though the word " obey" is hardly
accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the children.
Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning
noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words
leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first
few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness,
and so on. But since these can"t be said to show the baby"s intention to communicate, they can hardly
be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with
sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This
self-imitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to
them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations
can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular
person means by it a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change
as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for
his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the
child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take
advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
B. they need different amounts of listening
C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions.
D. they can"t understand and obey the adult"s oral instructions.
B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C. usually pay close attention to what they hear
D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly
C. a sign that he means to tell you something D. an imitation of the speech of adults
B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
C. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D. is one that should be completely ignored because children"s use of words is often meaningless
B. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
C. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly
D. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating
instance(例证) of this may be that the information given matches one of the answers, but does not meet
the criterion(标准) given in the question-the person could be talking about last week when the question
asks about next week. The correct information usually, if not always, comes afterwards.
Nearly right is not the same thing as right; examinations often give information that sounds more or
less correct, but is in some way unsatisfactory. Adverbs and modals(情态动词) are often used to send
you the wrong way; the listening text might use “ She may well be late” - and the question “ She will be
late” this is not an exact match and consequently(结果) could easily be the wrong answer. It has to be
________.
In longer listening passages, they often try to lend you to lose concentration by having quite long
sections where no information relevant(有关的) to the exercise is given. But then out of the blue
(unexpectedly) they hit you with a couple of answers in quick turns.
Although most longer listening passages begin with an introduction that lets you get into the flow
before they start testing you, you can not depend on this; the first word could in theory(理论) be the
answer to the first question.
Examiners will often place a word directly from the passage in a wrong answer and use a synonym
(同义词) in the correct answer. Check the meaning and do not rely on word recognition to get the right
answer.
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
It is what the word means not which word it is that should be the criterion of the correct answer.
__________________________________________________________________________
Scientists have developed a new cancer drug. So far, they have tested it only in laboratory
animals. The drug is designed to enter and kill cancer cells, but not healthy cells.First, the drug
enters the cancer cells and stops their supply of blood. Then it releases poison to destroy the
cancer cells.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) in Cambridge carried
out the study. The results appeared in Nature magazine. A school report called the drug an
"anticancer smart bomb".
Ram Sasisekharan is a professor at MIT. He says that his team had to solve three problems.
They had to find a way to destroy the blood vessels, then to prevent the growth of new ones.
But they also needed the blood vessels to supply chemicals to _________.
So, the researchers designed a two-part "nanocell". The cell is measured in nanometers(毫微米),
or one thousand millionth of a meter.
The scientists say thay that it was small enough to pass through the blood vessels of the cancer,
but it was too big to enter normal blood vessels. The surface of the nanocells also helped them to
avoid natural defenses.
The scientists designed the cell as a balloon inside a balloon. They filled the outer part with a
drug that caused the blood vessels to die. That cut off the blood supply and put the nanocells inside
the cancer. Then, the nanocells slowly released drugs to kill the cancer cells.
The team says that the treatment killed the cancer and avoided healthy cells better than other
treatments. Untreated mice with cancer survived for twenty days. The scientists say that mice with
the best current treatments lived for thirty days. In this study, they say that eighty percent of the mice
treated with the nanocells lived more than sixty-five days.
The scientists say that more studies are needed before the new drug can be tested in humans.
________________________________________________________________________
Scientists haven"t tested the drug on humans, and only in lab.
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. Please translate the underlined sentence in the eighth paragraph into Chinese
________________________________________________________________________
Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing
research for a report. 2._____ whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is
a selective process. 3._____
The following methods may work best for you.
Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
Write your notes in your own words.
4.____
Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速记). When you do, be sure that you
understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 5._____
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
subway trains. and some do one simple job. When an automatic washing machine is switched on,
water pours in. The machine waits until the water is warm enough for washing clothes. It does this by
"feedback"(反馈). Information about what is happening is feedback into the robot to tell what to do
next. Our eyes, ears and other senses are our feedback. They tell us what is going on around us. So
robots are like human beings in two ways. They work and they have feedback.
In some ways robots are better than human beings. They work quickly and do not make mistakes.
They do not get bored doing the same job over and over again. And they never get tired. So robots are
very useful in factories. They can be taught to do many different jobs. First their electronic brain must be
shown how the job is done. A person moves the robot"s "arms" and "hands" through each part of the job.
The most intelligent robots can move and see. Their eyes are cameras. Their fingers can feel shapes
and sizes of the objects. These robots have computer brains linked to their eyes and fingers, which
control their actions. The expensive robots are used in scientific research. They do such job as handling
radioactive materials.
B. there are various kinds of robots
C. we see robots only at certain times
D. robots can be easily controlled
B. They will probably take over in the future.
C. They are very helpful and useful to humans.
D. They are machines that break down a lot.
B. robots can do many jobs
C. robots only get in the way
D. robots sometimes cause troubles
B. it can do boring jobs for people
C. it will never bore people
D. it will work much better than human beings
B. are very cheap
C. are very big
D. are very costly
getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television
on children.
One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders.Those with TVs in
their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children
without bedroom TVs.
A second study, looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand,found lower education
levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood.But the results don"t
prove that TV is the cause and don"t rule out(排除) that already poorly motivated(有动机的)
youngsters may watch lots of TV.
Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5 and 15. Those with
college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during
childhood, compared with an average of more than 2.5 hours for those who had no education
beyond high schools.
In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the
lowest, while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.
While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores,it adds to
accumulating(增加) findings that children shouldn"t have TVs in their bedrooms.
B. not be interested in math
C. be unable to go to college
D. have had computers in their bedrooms
B. Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest.
C. TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds.
D. The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain.
B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV.
C. TV sets shouldn"t be allowed in children"s bedrooms.
D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done.
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