题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.
小题1:The author thinks “Learning”in the passage most refers to_________.
A.life-long learning | B.family learning |
C.learning after graduation | D.behavior learning |
A.teachers | B.classmates | C.doctors | D.brothers or sisters |
A.After they go int society |
B.Before they enter school |
C.When they are at school |
D.Before they are born |
A.As a matter of fact, learning begins with formal school education |
B.Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students. |
C.People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors. |
D.Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well. |
A.learning is closely related to memory and experience |
B.psychologists are interested in the wat the brain stores knowledge |
C.psychologists are more interested in a person’s behavior |
D.the relationship between learning, brain and behavior |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:D
解析
小题1:判断作者思想观点题。文章第一段,“人们通常认为学习是发生在学校里的事,但人们所学的很多东西是教室外的东西,甚至从出生就已经开始,并且学习贯穿的人的一生。”可见,作者认为学习是一生的学习,终身的学习。故答案为A。
小题2:词义猜测题。分析siblings前后的词语parents, grandparents, friends, 可以推出siblings的意思不可能是doctors, 再由下文 “When they enter school, ….”,可以推出此时他们还不是学生, siblings的意思也不可能是teachers, classmates, 故可以排除A、B、C三项。Siblings的意思为 “兄弟姐妹”。
小题3:句意理解题。文章第三段中 “When they enter school,…They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished.”可知,孩子们学习什么样的行为可能得到奖励,什么样的行为可能受到惩罚, 也就是孩子们在这个阶段应该学会怎样举止得当。故答案为C。
小题4:正误判断题。由文章第二段首句 “Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects.”可知,学习是从儿童时期开始的,A项表述错误,符合题意,为正确答案。B、C、D三项分别从文章第三段的二、三、四句找到明确的表述。
小题5:段落大意题。文章最后一段,“研究记忆的心理学家们对于大脑如何储存知识,这种储存发生在什么时候,以及当我们需要这些知识时大脑如何想起来等等问题很感兴趣。比较而言,研究学习的心理学家们则对于行为以及由于人们的经历怎样改变了行为等问题更感兴趣。”可见,本段主要讲述了两类心理学家以及他们所感兴趣的问题。涉及到了学习、大脑和行为的关系。
核心考点
试题【It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school, but m】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Many boys and girls dress alike in school. They were blue jeans and sport shirts. Some have long hair and some have short hair. Sometimes a boy has longer hair than a girl.
Even the language is different. Students learn to say fire fighter instead of fireman, police officer instead of policeman, and letter carrier instead of mailman. A person does not need to be a man to fight a fire or to deliver the mail.
Most people think that these changes are good. They give all people an equal chance to be happy and to do what they want to do with their lives. Fathers like to tell their sons that they can grow up to be president. Today, mothers can tell the same things to there daughters.
小题1:Students in American schools learn to say police officer instead of policeman because____.
A.boys don’t like to be a policeman |
B.girls don’t like to be a policeman |
C.police officer sounds better than policeman |
D.a police officer can be a policeman or policwoman |
A.there were many differences between boys and girls |
B.boys could do everything but girls couldn’t |
C.boys and girls were the same in everything |
D.girls only learned how to sew and cook |
A.American schools | B.these changes | C.most people | D.American students |
A.Milkman | B.Postman | C.Writer | D.Reporter |
A.Surprising | B.Strange | C.Good | D.Bad |
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions. Gone was my father’s critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?
The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.
小题1:Why did the author feel bitter about her father when she was a young adult?
A.He was silent most of the time. | B.He was too proud of himself. |
C.He did not love his children. | D.He expected too much of her. |
A.nervous | B.sorry | C.tired | D.safe |
A.More critical. | B.More talkative. | C.Gentle and friendly. | D.Strict and hard-working. |
A. the author’s son B. the author’s father
B. the friend of the author’s father D. the café owner
Do’s and Don’ts in Whale(鲸) Watching
The Department of Fisheries and Oceans has developed guidelines for whale watching in Johnstone Strait, where killer whales are found on a daily basis each summer. It is strongly recommended that vessel(船只) operators follow these guidelines for all kinds of whales.
· Approach whales from the side, not from the front or the back.
· Approach no closer than 100 metres, then stop the boat but keep the engine on.
· Keep noise levels down — no horns, whistles or racing of engines.
· Start your boat only after the whales are more than 100 metres from your vessel.
· Leave the area slowly, gradually moving faster when you are more than 300 metres from the whales.
· Approach and leave slowly, avoiding sudden changes in speed or direction.
· Avoid disturbing groups of resting whales.
· Keep at low speeds and remain in the same direction if traveling side by side with whales.
· When whales are traveling close to shore, avoid crowding them near the shore or coming between the whales and the shore.
· Limit the time spent with any group of whales to less than 30 minutes at a time when within 100 to 200 metres of whales.
· If there is more than one vessel at the same observation spot, be sure to avoid any boat position that would result in surrounding the whales.
· Work together by communicating with other vessels, and make sure that all operators are aware of the whale watching guidelines.
小题1:64. For whom is this text written?
A.Tour guides. | B.Whale watchers. |
C.Vessel operators. | D.Government officials. |
A.move close to the beach | B.increase speed gradually |
C.keep its engine running slowly | D.remain at the back of the whales |
A.keep moving in the same direction | B.surround the whales with other boats |
C.travel closer and closer to the shore | D.take a good viewing position |
A.400 metres. | B.300 metres. | C.200 metres. | D.100 metres. |
School teachers shared the same idea. "My students are like studying machines who are busy with homework all day," said Chen Hong, who is a teacher of Chinese in Shanghai Weiyu Middle School . "We should find ways to let them relax and online games may be a good way to do this."
"In role-playing games, you imagine yourself as a hero who fights against outlaws and saves their victims," said Shen Xia, a teacher from Shanghai Hongxing Middle School. "That is a good feeling for a kid. They gain success and confidence from the game. But the important thing is to make sure they don‘t become escapists, mixing up reality and the imaginary world. "
"Multi-media has proven to be an effective teaching tool. Students enjoy learning something while they are playing games," said Yan, an expert on education from the Shanghai Educational Press Group , "Online games will be a new teaching method in which they can learn at the same time as entertaining themselves. "
"I have dreamed that one day students will have courses via online games, "Yan added.
"The idea is practical, "Li Lijun, director of the Public Relations Department of Shanda, China’s online game giant; told the Shanghai Star. “If it proves to be successful, it will start a revolution in educational theory and practice. "
小题1:The above writing is most likely to appear in _________.
A.an official paper | B.a government notice | C.a newspaper | D.a meeting memo (备忘录) |
A.it is not practical to forbid young people playing online games completely |
B.online games have strong influence on young people so they should be banned |
C.young people can"t go without online games which are becoming part of their life |
D.internet cafes should be allowed to receive customers under 18 |
A.online games will let their students relax after busy work |
B.online games will make their students become a hero |
C.online games wilt bring good experiences to their students |
D.online games will become an effective teaching tool |
A.To inform its readers of some information. |
B.To argue about the advantages and disadvantages of online games. |
C.To give some comments on online games. |
D.To give a support to online games. |
A.Hopefully, young people in Shanghai will be playing online games at school. |
B.Online games will bring success to young people in Shanghai. |
C.Young people in Shanghai are having courses via online games. |
D.School teachers have opposite opinions about online games. |
Cortez and his Spanish soldiers were the first Europeans to enter this valley. They saw the thriving Aztec city of Tenochtitlan rising from an island in one of the lakes. Surrounding it were green floating gardens. The Spaniards said it was as beautiful as a dream. Then the conquest began.
By 1521, when the Spaniards had conquered the fierce Aztecs, the island city was in ruins. Cortez decided to rebuild it after the pattern of European cities. Using the conquered Aztecs as slave laborers, Cortez built the new city, now Mexico City, in just four years.
“But a generation had scarcely passed after the conquest before a sad change came over these scenes so beautiful,” writes one historian. The broad, shining lakes began to dry up.
Modern historians believe that Cortez began the destruction of the valley’s lakes when be ordered the city rebuilt. A great deal of charcoal was needed to burn the limestone (石灰石) from which cement (水泥) and mortar were made. Wood was needed to finish the interiors of the buildings.
The mountainside forests were destroyed to provide the charcoal and wood. Once the sloped were bare, rainfall o longer seeped (渗漏) slowly into the earth to feed the springs that filled the valley’s lakes. Instead, rainfall poured off the mountainsides the city from floods, later rulers made a cut through the mountains so that the water drained away into another valley. Mexico City, once an island, had become a city of a dry plain.
小题1:The underlined word “thriving” in the second paragraph means _______.
A.developing successfully | B.increasing |
C.failing | D.growing little |
Keeping nature’s balance is not important any more.
Men thought nature’s resources would last forever.
New forests always automatically replace old ones.
The Aztecs didn’t begin to flourish until Cortez came.
小题3:Why did later rulers cut through the mountains ?
They wanted to fill the city with rainwater.
They wanted the valleys to flood regularly.
They wanted to plant more trees.
They wanted to protect the city from floods.
小题4: One the whole, the article tells about ______.
Mexico as it looked when it was a European city
Modern historians who write about Mexico City
Mexico city before and after the Spaniards came
The beautiful scenery in Mexico
小题5: What is the author’s purpose of writing this article?
A.To tell the beauty and ugliness of Mexico City |
B.To introduce the terrible change of Mexico City |
C.To explain how Mexico City changed |
D.To make people aware of the importance of nature balance |
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