题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Cats lick（舔）themselves to keep their fur clean. Have you ever watched a pet cat clean itself?
Elephants take baths much as you do. But instead of jumping into the tub（浴缸）, they walk into a river or lake.
Pigs also like to roll around in water. This keeps them clean and cool. If there is no clean water, they will roll in mud（泥）on a hot day. They do this to cool off. Pigs do not really like mud. They are happier in a nice, clean pond(水池).
Bats have a funny way to keep clean. They lick their thumbs to clean their ears!
Guess how polar bears clean themselves. They use snow, of course!
Some animals take baths in dust instead of water! The wombat(毛鼻袋熊) is an Australian animal with lots of fur. To get clean, it lies down. Then it covers itself with sand!
Birds clean themselves in many ways. Sometimes they wash in water. That’s why some people put birdbaths in their yard. At other times birds take dust baths, just like wombats. Birds also use their beaks（喙）to keep their feathers clean. They use their beaks the way you use a comb.
Sometimes a bird has itchy bugs（发痒的虫子）in its feathers. Birds may use ants to help them clean off the bugs. A bird will lie down on an ant nest. Then the ants will crawl on the bird. The ants make a kind of bug spray（喷雾）on the feathers;. Then the itchy bugs die!
Birds take baths in something else besides dust and ants! Some birds take “smoke baths” They sit on chimneys. They wave their wings in the smoke!
小题1:This passage mainly tells us .
| A．why some people put birdbaths in their yard | B．why birds allow ants to crawl on their body |
| C．how animals cool off on hot days | D．how some animals keep clean |
| A．Licking itself. | B．Lying down on ants. |
| C．Rolling in nice, thick mud. | D．Taking a bath in clean water. |
| A．Cats. | B．Bats. | C．Wombats. | D．Ants. |
答案
小题1:D
小题1:D
小题1:C
解析
核心考点
试题【To wash yourself, you take a bath(洗澡) or a shower. Animals need to keep clean, t】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Looking at the engineering solution first, a lot of my research concentrates on what happens to wetlands when you build dams in river basins, particularly in Africa. The ecology of such areas is almost entirely driven by the seasonal changes of the river — the pulse of the water. And the fact is that if you build a dam, you generally spoil the downstream ecology. In the past, such problems have been hidden by a lack of information. But in the near future, governments will have no excuse for their ignorance.
The engineers’ ability to control water flows has created new kinds of unpredictability, too. Dams in Africa have meant fewer fish, less grazing and less floodplain (洪泛区) agriculture — none of which were expected. And their average economic life is assumed to be thirty years. Dams don’t exist forever, but what will replace them is not clear.
The challenge for the future is to find new means of controlling water. Although GM technology (转基因) will allow us to breed better dry-land crops, there is no market for companies to develop crops suitable for the micro-climates of the Sahel and elsewhere in Africa. Who is going to pay for research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World?
小题1:What’s the main idea of this passage?
| A．The engineering solutions to water resource and their limitation. |
| B．The challenge for the future. |
| C．The basic means of controlling water. |
| D．The challenge for developing crops. |
| A．Water resource should be used more reasonably. |
| B．More dams should be built in river basins. |
| C．More wetlands should be protected from destruction. |
| D．More dry-land crops could be developed in Africa. |
| A．The ecological destruction will be known to the public by researchers |
| B．The ecological destruction will no longer be a problem in the future |
| C．The future is an information age |
| D．Governments will face greater challenge in the future |
| A．fewer fish | B．less grazing land |
| C．less floodplain agriculture | D．less farming land |
| A．No one will invest in developing locally appropriate crops in Africa |
| B．Researchers have no interest in developing dry-land crops |
| C．Research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World may be profitable |
| D．There is less water resource in the Third World |
The essay topics all have something in common. They attempt to get at what type of person you are, what motivates you，and what you feel passion for. In a single 500-word piece of writing，
admissions officers(招生负责人)attempt to gather all about you. So your task is of your personality on the essay and make yourself special.
You can try and guess what the admissions officers like. But that won’t work．The essay will sound empty and become another dull piece of writing，which admissions officers get thousands of each year．
It is true that admissions officers aren’t exactly looking for anything. The answer is just as open-ended as the question itself. If they ask for someone who has inspired you, it could be anyone. It could be a grandmother, a teacher, or even a character from a movie. A lot of people will say their dad. But since you really feel it, you’ll have a lot to write about.
There are some important things to remember．These admissions officers want good writers. You don"t have to be Ernest Hemingway, but you have to be able to form an interesting story．That means revision(校对)and editing，cutting out stupid grammar mistakes，reading it over several times，leaving it for a few days and looking at it again. Whatever you do, make sure the essay is as good as possible.
Also，you should use exciting language and really make the reader feel the same passion as you do. It also means finding something unique about your point of view, something that other people might not think of．For example，if you want to write about your dad, you can focus on a specific anecdote(趣闻)about him .Admissions officers love personal stories that ring true．
小题1:The purpose of the passage is to give advice on how to_________.
A. choose an essay topic B. read the officers’ minds
C. be a good writer D write an effective application
小题2:The underlined part of paragraph 2 suggests that you__________.
| A．stick enough stamps before posting your application essay |
| B．write something unique in an essay to impress the readers |
| C．take the task of showing off yourself seriously |
| D．pay attention to your personal essay |
| A．know about your family members | B．understand you better |
| C．find out what your father does | D．discover your personal affairs |
| A．500 beautiful words | B．many funny things | C．truthful specific stories | D．indirect answers |
Goats have more uses than you could ever imagine. Goat’s meat can be eaten and goat’s milk is becoming popular as a healthy choice to drink milk. Goat’s milk is easier to take in than cow’s milk and it is called universal milk as it can be used to bottle-feed most animals. In nutrition, it is also good. Goat’s skins are still used today to make gloves and other items of clothing. The initial reasons for domesticating (驯化) goats were to get goat’s hair, meat and milk. Goat’s skins were used up until the Middle Ages for making bottles to hold water and wine for people who were traveling or camping.
Just like sheep, goats are considered to be the first domesticated animal. The domestication process began over 10,000 years ago in a North Iranian town. A lot of people keep goats as pets nowadays.
Goats are easily trained and you can teach them to pull carts and walk on ropes. Goats are also known for escaping their pens(圈). If you have unsecured fencing, your goats will be interested in it and test it out and soon you will know where the openings are. Goats are also widely known for their ability to climb trees, although the tree generally has to be at a slight angle(角度).
If goats are raised correctly and trained from an early age, they never develop any bad habits. Goats will attack each other. However, if they’re corrected from an early age they never attack humans or other animals.
小题1:The passage is written mainly .
| A．to tell people how to raise goats | B．to let people know more about goats |
| C．to explain how goats are domesticated | D．to describe goats of different uses |
| A．It is rich in nutrition and easy to take in. | B．It is good for our health. |
| C．It is suitable to feed most animals. | D．It is easy to get. |
| A．to get along well with it | B．to find a professional trainer |
| C．to develop its ability | D．to train it when young |
| A．Curious and clever. | B．Unfriendly and naughty. |
| C．Careful and lazy. | D．Stubborn and quiet. |
DNA is a substance（物质） that makes up genes. Everything alive has genes. Plans have genes. Animals have genes. Yo
u have genes.Genes are the basic units of heredity（遗传）. Heredity means all the characteristics you inherit from your parents. You get your genes from your parents. You inherit half of your genes from your mother. You inherit half of your genes from your father.
Genes are a kind of code. A tree’s genes tell w
hat shape its leaves will be. A cat’s genes tell what color its fur will be. Your genes tell what color your eyes will be. Your genes tell what color your hair will be. Everything about you co
mes from the code in your genes.Genes line up on strands（链） called chromosomes（染色体） in cells. Everything alive is made up of cells. Chromosomes are in the center, or nucleus, of cells.
Different parts of you are made of different kinds of cells. Your muscles are made of muscle celIs. Your skin is made of skin cells. The code in your genes tells your body to make different kinds of cells. The genes in each cell tell the cell how to work. They tell the cell when to make new copies of itself.
An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel first saw inherited patterns in pea plants. He experimented with pea plants in the 1860s. One of the things, or traits（特质）， Mendel studied was what makes some pea plants tall and some short. He said that the traits must come from units of heredity passed from the parent plants. These units were later called genes.
In the mid-1900s, scientists discovered that genes are made of DNA. In the 1970s, scientists learned how to change DNA with genetic engineering. Scientists also learned that problems with certain genes cause diseases. Muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, and hemophilia are some genetic diseases-diseases caused by problems in genes. Today, scientists are looking for ways to cure genetic diseases by changing genes through a process called gene therapy.
小题1: What is DNA?
| A．DNA is a kind of gene. |
| B．DNA is a substance that makes up genes. |
| C．DNA is the basic unit of heredity. |
| D．DNA is a measure to protect crime. |
| A．Plants, animals and human beings have the same genes. |
| B．Half people inherit all genes from their mother, others from their father. |
| C．Genes decide the trees shapes, the cats’ fur color and our eyes’ color as well. |
| D．Genes will give you a code when you need them. |
| A．Genes lining up on strands called chromosomes are in the center of cells. |
| B．Genes hide in everything alive in your body. |
| C．Genes can be nowhere but in your mind, controlling all your actions. |
| D．Genes travel in your body and help cope skin, muscle, and eyes. |
| A．first saw inherited patterns in people |
| B．was interested in why plants were different |
| C．first called the units of heredity from parents genes |
| D．was the first who discovered genes |
| A．scientists were less intelligent than monks in 1900s |
| B．some genes are bad and can cause diseases |
| C．we don’t need to worry about genetic diseases any longer |
| D．the discovery of genes may be of great help in our daily life |
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern .
The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it p
ossible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times. “Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged to take it.”
小题1: According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?
| A．Eating healthy food every day. |
| B．Having the right types of genes. |
| C．Having a healthy lifestyle. |
| D．Taking drugs that prevent ageing. |
| A．10% | B．20% | C．30% | D．50% |
| A．The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age. |
| B．The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life. |
| C．The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases. |
| D．The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives. |
| A．drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive |
| B．modern science will be able to find more longevity genes |
| C．it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing |
| D．scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life |
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