题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
ions also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels affect the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of a plane pilot or an air-traffic controller. Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did affect the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelm and Glass 1970).
Probably the most significant finding from the research on noise is that its predictability is more important than how loud it is. We are much more able to “tune out” long-lasing background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected disturbance of noise. In Glass and Singer’s study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they worked on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heard the some amount of noise overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment. But the different noise conditions had quite different after-effects when the subjects were required to proofread written material under conditions of no noise. The study shows that the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noise; and soft unpredictable noise actually produced slightly more errors on this task than the loud predictable noise.
Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.
小题1:When talking about people’s difficulty in sleeping in the mountains, what can be inferred in the passage?
| A．They usually do not prefer peace and quiet to noise. |
| B．They may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds. |
C．They prefer to h ear a certain amount of noise while they sleep. |
| D．They may not have adapted to a higher noise level in the city. |
| A．Problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions. |
| B．Physiological reactions prevent the ability to work. |
| C．Bursts of noise hardly disturb problem-solving in the long term. |
| D．The physiological reactions of the control subjects declined quickly. |
| A．successful performance of a single task |
| B．tasks of pilots or air traffic controllers |
| C．ability to repeat numbers while tracking moving lines |
| D．ability to monitor three dials at once |
| A．Destroy the performance completely. |
| B．Have a negative effect on the performance. |
| C．Improve the performance greatly. |
| D．Have a positive influence on the performance. |
答案
小题1:C
小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:B
解析
核心考点
试题【In general, it seems reasonable to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Americans are connected at unprecedented (前所未有的) levels一93% now use cell phones or wireless devices；one third of those are ‘smart phones’ that allow users to browse the Web and check e-mail，among other things. The benefits are obvious: checking messages on the road，staying in touch with friends and family，efficiently using time once spent waiting around. The downside：often，we’re effectively disconnecting from those in the same room.
That"s why，despite all the technology that makes communicating easier than ever，2010 was the Year We Stopped Talking to One Another. From texting at dinner to posting on Facebook from work or checking e-mail while on a date，the connectivity revolution is creating a lot of divided attention，not to mention social anxiety. Many analysts say it"s time to step back and reassess.
‘What we’re going to see in the future is new opportunities for people to be plugged in and connected like never before,’ says Scott Campbell. ‘It can be a good thing，but I also see new ways the traditional social fabric (社会结构) is getting somewhat torn apart.’
Our days are filled with beeps and pings·----many of which pull us away from tasks at hand or face-to-face conversations. We may feel that the distractions are too much，but we can’t seem to stop posting，texting or surfing.
‘We"re going through a period of adjustment and rebalancing,’ says Sherry Turkle and she wants to remind people that technology can be turned off.
‘Our human purposes are to really have connections with people,’ she says. ‘We have to reclaim it. It’s not going to take place by itself.’
小题1:What can be the best title for the passage?
| A．2010: The year technology developed quickly. |
| B．2010: The year technology sped up our life pace. |
| C．2010: The year technology replaced talking. |
| D．2010: The year technology made communicating easier. |
| A．the new technology always influences people’s life in a positive way |
| B．the new technology is so tempting that she could even put her daughter and husband behind |
| C．it is encouraging to see progress on the new technology every year |
| D．people are too dependent on the new technology to let go |
| A．The wide use of mobile devices has nothing to do with the ‘traditional social fabric’. |
| B．Mobile devices play a less important part in American life. |
| C．Mobile devices create a lot of divided attention and social anxiety. |
| D．Many analysts speak highly of the wide popularity of mobile devices. |
| A．Something must be done to get connection with people in reality again· |
| B．Using mobile services can help people get connection with each other. |
| C．Mobile services have a strong impact on people’s life. |
| D．The connection with people can happen naturally. |
How is quicksand formed? Water pushes up from below the surface and is held by the sand. The grains of sand are forced apart by the water. They cannot hold any weight. The subsurface water may have come from a spring, a river, or a stream. Sometimes pools of water near beaches become filled with sand. When the soil under these pools does not allow for good drainage(排水), the sand can become stretches of quicksand.
Is it true that a person who steps into quicksand is doomed to die? No, for people have fought their way from quicksand to firm land again. It is panic(恐慌) that creates the condition that can result in death, for the more a person struggles, the worse matters become. Quick movements will make the sand yield for a time, but then it rushes back and settles solidly around the body.
People trapped in quicksand should either lie back with arms outstretched, or not move at all. When the weight of the sand around his body has displaced equals that person’s weight, the victim will stop sinking. With feet held still, and with slow movements of the arms, as in the backstroke(仰泳) in swimming, people have managed to roll to safety and reach firm ground.
小题1:Quick movements by a person trapped in quicksand will _______.
| A．help the person reach firm ground |
| B．help prevent panic |
| C．make the same sand yield temporarily |
| D．make the sand hold the person’s weight |
| A．a mass of fine sand mixed with water | B．formed only along rivers |
| C．found below subsurface water | D．solid ground |
| A．Stretches of quicksand are found only under the sea. |
| B．People should never try to escape from quicksand. |
| C．It is hard to keep calm if you fall into quicksand. |
| D．Only heavy people can be trapped in quicksand. |
| A．what solid ground looks like | B．the nature of quicksand |
| C．stepping into quicksand | D．escaping from quicksand |
An Australian study of 270,000 students found that both boys and girls performed much higher on standardized(标准化) tests when they attended separate schools. During an experiment in Virginia in 1995, 100 eighth graders were separated just for math and science courses. Almost immediately, the girls began to achieve more, become more confident and take part more often in class activities.
In 2001, a British study concluded that nearly every girl regardless of (不论) her ability or socio-economic status performed better in single sex classrooms than co-ed ones. The study of 2,954 high schools and 979 primary schools showed that while boys at the lowest levels in study improved the most in single sex schools, single sex education was particularly beneficial (有益的) to girls. Every one of the top 50 private elementary schools and top 20 private high schools in Britain are single sex schools.
Girls became more confident in themselves as students and earned higher scores on their College Board and Advanced Placement examinations. A quarter of the female members of the US Congress and one-third of all female members of Fortune 100 boards graduated from all-women’s colleges.
While the statistics are not as dramatic for boys, however, boys tend to soften their competitive edge and become more cooperative in a single sex setting. They can just be boys and not worry about what the girls might think.
Single sex education has a pleasant way of encouraging children to be fearless, to be curious, to be enthusiastic --- in short, to just be themselves. Children are subjected (屈从于) to pressures from every quarter to become adults before they are ready to do so. They grow up too quickly. Why not let them be children for a few more years? Single sex education with its gentler, more controlled social atmosphere is just the right answer for many children.
小题1: With the experiment in Virginia in 1995, the writer wants to show that .
| A．single sex education has become popular in recent years |
| B．the effect of single sex education on girls is immediate |
| C．students at separate schools are better prepared for standardized tests |
| D．both boy and girl students achieve more and learn better in single sex schools |
| A．Girls’ performances in single sex classrooms are determined by their ability and socioeconomic status. |
| B．In all-boys schools boys with the worst academic performances improved the most. |
| C．Single sex education was particularly helpful for boys. |
| D．There are more single sex schools than co-ed schools in Britain. |
| A．act in a kindly manner | B．become less competitive |
| C．lose interest in something | D．take advantage of something |
| A．Ways to reduce pressure and help children grow. |
| B．The reason why girls perform better than boys at school. |
| C．The advantage of single sex education. |
| D．The development of single sex education in different countries. |
“Finally.” read the big headline Thursday above a picture of the white phone on the homepage of Apple. com.
The white model was supposed to ship alongside the black one at the iPhone 4’s launch（推出） last June. But design and manufacturing complications delayed the process by 10 months, catching Apple off guard, executives say.
As CNN reported last month, earlier test models of the white iPhone 4 produced unclear photos, especially when the flash（闪光灯） was used. Its whiteness confused the proximity sensor （距离传感器） , which detects when the phone is held next to someone’s head and turns off the touch screen to save battery life.
These problems weren’t present in older iPhones that came in white because they didn’t have flash photography; the proximity sensor was unaffected because the front side of previous models was black.
“We thought we were there a year ago, or less than that, when we launched the iPhone 4, and we weren’t,” Philip Schiller, Apple’s chief marketing executive, said in an interview. “It’s not as simple as making something white. There’s a lot more that goes into both the material science of it —how it holds up over time…but also in how it all works with the sensors. “
Ticonderoga Securities analyst Brian White predicts that the white model could help drive sales of Apple’s phones. He says Apple could sell 1 million to 1. 5 million every three months until the next iPhone model is unveiled, which is expected to be this fall.
Forty-five people were lined up at Apple’s flagship New York store Thursday morning to buy white iPhones, according to a CNN Money report.
小题1:
The reason why white-colored iPhone 4 was delayed by 10 months is that _______.
| A．it’s always sold out due to its popularity |
| B．it met some problems concerning design and manufacture |
| C．it lacked white manufacturing materials |
| D．its proximity sensor can’t save battery life |
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．There are multi-colored models of iPhone 4. |
| B．The same design problems were also found in older white iPhones. |
| C．IPhone4 will be launched this fall. |
| D．Originally designers thought they could solve the problems before iPhone 4 was launched. |
What would be the best title for this passage?
| A．Why the White iPhone 4 Took So Long |
| B．The History of iPhone 4 |
| C．The Attraction of White iPhone 4 |
| D．The Design and Manufacture of iPhone 4 |
What does the underlined word “unveil” in the last paragraph mean?
| A．to remove one’s mask from his face |
| B．to remove a cloth from something, especially as part of a ceremony |
| C．to show to the public for the first time |
| D．to disappear from the public for the first time |
The person would reply, “Not so good today, Henderson. You see, it’s this summer heat. I just hate it. It just makes me tired. It’s almost killing me.’ Then my grandmother would stand calml
y, her arms folded, and say, “Uh-huh, uh-huh.”As soon as the complainer was out of the store, my grandmother would call me to stand in front of her. Then she would say the same thing she had said at least a thousand times, it seemed to me. “Jane, did you hear what so-and-so complained about?” And I would nod. Grandmother would continue, “Jane, there are people who went to sleep
all over the world last night, poor and rich and black and white, but they will never wake again. Those dead people would give anything, anything at all for just five minutes of this weather that person was complaining about. So you watch yourself about complaining, Jane. What you’re supposed to do when you don’t like a thing is change it. If you can’t change it, change the way you think about it. Don’t complain.”I have learned a lot from my gra
ndmother. Her opinions always hit the nail on the head. Whining is not only impolite, but can be dangerous.小题1:
The underlined word “whiners” in paragraph 1 refers to those people who ________.
| A．think little of themselves | B．enter a store regularly |
| C．are afraid of hot weather | D．complain often |
From what the author’s grandmother said, we can infer that ________.
A．she tried to comfort the wh iners | B．she was impolite to the whiners |
| C．she was against whining | D．she shared the whiners’ opinions |
The author’s grandmother told her to ________.
| A．be sympathetic(同情) to the dead | B．treasure（珍惜）every moment of her life |
| C．keep away from the whiners | D．get used to things she disliked |
What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?
| A．To show that complaining is not only rude but harmful. |
| B．To tell us a story about her grandmother. |
| C．To show how to live one’s life to the fullest. |
| D．To tell us people’s different attitudes towards complaining. |
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