题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Researchers studied 29 dogs. The dogs were shown a movie where a woman looked directly at them and said “Hi dog!” Then, the woman looked at a flowerpot sitting next to her. The researchers found that when the woman looked at and spoke directly to a dog, the dog usually followed her eyes to the flowerpot. It proved that the dogs knew that the woman was thinking about the flowerpot.
“By following the eye movements of dogs, we were able to get a first-hand look at how their minds are actually working,” said Jozsef, the senior researcher.
Later in the movie, the woman said “Hi dogs” in a low voice and didn’t look at the dog before looking at the flowerpot. In that situation, the dogs didn’t seem to understand what the woman was thinking. There was no eye contact, and the woman didn’t appear to speak to the dogs directly.
That comes as no surprise to dog trainer Jones. “Dogs normally speak through nonverbal signals. It’s more natural to them,” she said. “If you’ve ever watched dogs at a dog park, you’ve seen it. Within 30 seconds they enter the park, much information has passed between the new dog and the ones already in the park. They’re exchanging looks, observing eyes and body posture. On the other hand, when you speak to a dog, they are learning a foreign language.”
Picking up your nonverbal signals seems more natural. So, if you were hoping that all this means your dog could help you solve your math problems, you’re probably out of luck. But he or she might be a lot more in tune with what you’re thinking than you previously thought.
小题1:How could the researchers find that the dogs understood the woman’s intention?
| A．By speaking to them directly. |
| B．By reading their eye movements. |
| C．By following their facial expressions. |
| D．By asking the dog trainer questions. |
| A．dogs usually speak through verbal signals |
| B．dogs learn a great deal more at a dog park |
| C．dogs can understand humans’ words easily |
| D．dogs speak through eyes and body language |
| A．you manage to get their attention |
| B．you like making friends with them |
| C．you are familiar with their behavior |
| D．you can pick up their verbal signals |
| A．refuse | B．approve | C．understand | D．love |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
试题分析：
小题1:细节题：从文章第三段的句子：“By following the eye movements of dogs, we were able to get a first-hand look at how their minds are actually working,可知研究人员是根据钩的眼神知道狗理解的妇女的话。选B
小题2:推理题：从倒数第二段的句子;They’re exchanging looks, observing eyes and body posture.我们可以看出狗是通过眼神和非语言的方式交流的。选D
小题3:推理题：从第四段的实验，我们知道只有让狗注意到你，才能读懂你的意思。选A
小题4:猜词题：第一段有个相似的句子：dogs can understand what we’re thinking and feeling 说明狗是可以懂得你的想法的。选C
点评：这篇文章介绍了一个研究发现，狗是通过眼神和非语言的方式交流的，说明狗是可以懂得人的想法的，但是人类要让它注意。题目多为推理题，文章没有直接的答案，要考生根据全篇文章进行推理。
核心考点
试题【Dogs may not know exactly what you are doing especially when you’re trying to fi】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourselves.
And that’s only natural. Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes. We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious（无意识的）reaction.
Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world. They make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.
By trial and error—trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, and make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn：We don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You don’t just read about painting，or writing，or computer programming，or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing usually...then you construct a model in your mind...then you test it out by trying it in the real world...then you make mistakes...then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation...and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something. That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed at something, it’s probably something you already knew how to do. You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey is made up of mistakes, if it’s a good journey.
So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.
小题1:Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
| A．Because mistakes make us suffer a lot. |
| B．Because it’s a natural part in our life. |
| C．Because we’ve been taught so from a young age. |
| D．Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers. |
| A．We should try to avoid making mistakes. |
| B．We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes. |
| C．We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn. |
| D．We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction. |
| A．a small child learning to walk |
| B．a kindergarten child learning to draw |
| C．a primary pupil learning to read |
| D．a school teenager learning to write |
| A．most of us can really grow from success |
| B．growing and improving are based on mistakes |
| C．we learn to make mistakes by trial and error |
| D．we read about something and know how to do it right away |
| A．Value Mistakes | B．Mistakes Make Things Possible |
| C．Try to Avoid Mistakes | D．Life is a Journey Full of Mistakes |
Multiplied a million times over, I believe that is the way the world works. At some level, we all depend upon one another. Sometimes that dependence requires us simply not to do something like crossing over the double yellow line. And sometimes it requires us to act cooperatively, with friends or even with strangers.
As technology makes our world smaller and smaller, the need increases for cooperative action among nations. In 2003, doctors in five nations were quickly organized to identify the SARS virus, which saved thousands of lives. The threat of international terrorism has shown itself to be a similar problem, one requiring team action by police and intelligence forces across the world. We must recognize that our fates are not ours alone to control.
In my own life, I used to put great stock in personal responsibility. But, as time has passed, I’ve also come to believe that there are moments when one must rely upon the good faith and judgment of others. So, while each of us faces the case of driving alone down a dark road, what we must learn with experience is that the approaching light may not be a threat, but a shared moment of trust.
小题1:The author considers it very important ______.
| A．to drive with a companion | B．to have personal independence |
| C．to gain certain responsibility | D．to share trust and cooperation |
| A．the approaching car was very dangerous |
| B．they both drove their car at a terrific speed |
| C．he might be killed out of the other’s careless driving |
| D．it was dark and the road was not wide enough |
| A．only one experience | B．many similar experiences |
| C．a driver on a dark road | D．many friends and strangers |
| A．people’s fates can’t be controlled by themselves |
| B．certain viruses can spread in a quick way |
| C．terrorism can happen everywhere and every day |
| D．the world has become much more dangerous |
| A．believed in one’s own personal responsibility |
| B．counted upon himself alone in everything |
| C．had no trust in others’ good faith and judgment |
| D．had a change on his viewpoint of life |
Face to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advanced imprinting, telecommunications photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission (传输) and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed( 侵蚀) by international news.
No longer is the possession of information confined to(只限于) a privileged minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. For years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a programme that is being channeled into millions of homes.
Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modem communication industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.
Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is part, the vast modem network of communications is open to abuse(滥用). However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.
小题1:In the first paragraph the writer emphasizes the of face-to-face contact in social setting.
| A．nature | B．limitation | C．creativity | D．usefulness |
| A．local news used to be the only source of information |
| B．local news still takes a significant place |
| C．national news is becoming more popular |
| D．international news is the fastest transmitted news |
| A．Possessing information used to be a privilege. |
| B．Public libraries have replaced the private completely. |
| C．Communication means more than transmission. |
| D．Information influences ways of life and thinking. |
| A．indifferent to the harmful influence of the mass media |
| B．happy about the flexible changes in the mass media |
| C．pessimistic about the future of the mass media |
| D．concerned about the wrong use of the mass media |
Advertising is now a scientific business. Once managers would say jokingly, " I know that half of what I spend on advertising is wasted, but I don"t know which half." Now, all parts of an advertising program are properly measured and researched.
What makes a good advertisement? There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years. People read advertisements partly for information and partly for pleasure. Today"s advertisements often start with a question, or a puzzle, with the purpose of attracting the reader"s attention. Of course, most advertisements contain information. But this is usually contained in a text that is interesting and often funny. Humor is very important. Sometimes advertisements tell a story, or the story may be continued over a number of advertisements. However, there is a danger in this. It is possible that the reader or viewer will remember the advertisement but not the name of the product.
小题1:The purpose of advertising is ____.
| A．to increase product sales |
| B．to make a product much better |
| C．to spend more money |
| D．to reduce the production |
| A．Here and there. | B．Again and again. |
| C．As usual. | D．At the same time. |
| A．A11 the money on advertising was wasted. |
| B．Not all the advertisements were well designed. |
| C．A11 the managers knew about advertising then. |
| D．Managers spent no money on advertising. |
| A．Useless. | B．Unnecessary. | C．Important. | D．Wasteful. |
People who studied plants have found out that plants carry a small electrical charge (电荷). It is possible to measure this charge with a small piece of equipment called “galvanometer”. The galvanometer is placed on a leaf off the plant, and it records any changes in the electrical field of the leaf. Humans have a similar field which can change when we are shocked or frightened.
A man called Backster used a galvanometer for his studies of plants and was very surprised at his results. He found that if he had two or more plants in a room and he began to destroy one of them － perhaps by pulling off its leaves or by pulling it out of its pot － then the galvanometer on the leaves of the other plants showed a change in the electrical field. It seemed as if the plants were signalling a feeling of shock. This happened not only when Backster started to destroy plants, but also when he destroyed other living things such as insects (昆虫).
Backster said that the plants also knew if someone had destroyed a living thing some distance away, because they signalled when a man who had just cut down a tree entered the room.
Another scientist, named Sauvin, achieved similar results to Backster’s. He kept galvanometers fixed to his plants all the time and checked regularly to see what the plants were doing. If he was out of the office, he telephoned to find out about the signals the plants were sending. In this way, he found that the plants were sending out signals at the exact times when he felt strong pleasure or pain. In fact, Sauvin could cause a change in the electrical field of his plants over a distance of a few miles simply by thinking about them.
小题1:Backster was surprised at the results of his studies because _____.
| A．he destroyed an insect |
| B．he destroyed a plant by pulling off its leaves |
| C．he found that plants could express feelings of shock |
| D．he found that plants could move and speak after all |
| A．only when Backster Started to destroy plants |
| B．when Backster destroyed plants or other living things |
| C．only when he destroyed things such as insects |
| D．only when Backster placed the galvanometer on the leaves of the plants |
| A．did not agree with Backster’s ideas |
| B．did not get the same sort of results as Backster did |
| C．got different results from Backster’s |
| D．found out some of the same things that Backster did |
| A．The electrical charge plants carry may shock or frighten us. |
| B．A tree will signal when it has been cut down. |
| C．Sauvin could make his plants send out signals some distance away. |
| D．Plants have feelings because they can receive signals without moving. |
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