题目

题型：不详难度：来源：

The human body has hundreds of muscles. The three types are skeletal(骨骼的) muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac, or heart muscles. Each kind of muscle has a special job to do. 
The skeletal muscles are attached to the bones; they actually hold the skeleton together. Strong cords, called tendons(肌腱), help connect these muscles to the bones. Skeletal muscles give us strength and allow us to move in many ways. If you look at skeletal muscles through a microscope, you will see that it has bands of fibers that look like stripes(条纹). These stripes are called striations. Skeletal muscles usually move because the brain has sent a conscious message to them telling them what to do. This is called voluntary movement.
Another type of muscle is smooth muscle. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle does not have striations. This is found in organs such as the stomach, the bladder(膀胱), the lungs and the eyes. Smooth muscles are smaller than the skeletal muscles and they move involuntarily. The brain tells these muscles what to do, but we aren’t even aware of it. For example, we don’t have to think about breathing or digesting food. The smooth muscles just do their jobs automatically. For this reason smooth muscles are sometimes called involuntary muscles.
Like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle also works involuntarily. It is a very thick muscle that is found only in the walls of the heart. Its job is to pump blood out of the heart and into blood vessels called arteries(动脉). The arteries help carry the blood to all parts of the body. When the cardiac muscles relax, they let blood back into the heart. Cardiac muscles have striations, just like skeletal muscles do.
小题1:When we _______, the job is done by smooth muscles.

A．close our eyes

B．kick a ball

C．hug our friends

D．lift a suitcase

小题2:Skeletal muscles and heart muscles are alike because_______.

A．both can move voluntarily

B．both are thick muscles

C．both are bigger than smooth muscles

D．both have stripes called striations

小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Heart muscles are very important because they give us strength and allow us to move.

B．The heart of human beings completely consists of heart muscle.

C．The skeletal muscles are connected to the bones by tendons.

D．Smooth muscle does its work without receiving message from the brain.

答案

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C

解析

试题分析：本文讲述了人身上的三种肌肉：skeletal(骨骼的) muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac, or heart muscles.以及各种肌肉的特点和作用。
小题1:A 推理题。根据第三段前3行Another type of muscle is smooth muscle. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle does not have striations. This is found in organs such as the stomach, the bladder(膀胱), the lungs and the eyes.说明smooth muscle可以在眼部被发现，故当我们闭眼睛的时候，我们要拥到smooth muscle。故A正确。
小题2:D 细节题。根据文章最后一句Cardiac muscles have striations, just like skeletal muscles do. 说明这两种肌肉都有stripes故D正确。
小题3:C 细节题。根据第二段前3行The skeletal muscles are attached to the bones; they actually hold the skeleton together. Strong cords, called tendons(肌腱), help connect these muscles to the bones.说明The skeletal muscles是通过肌腱来和骨头相连的，故C项正确。
点评：本文讲述了人身上的三种肌肉：skeletal(骨骼的) muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac, or heart muscles.属于科普类短文，此类文章的最大的障碍是词汇以及考生对阅读内容的不熟悉，需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心。要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力，根据上下文中出现的同义词，近义词，反义词，以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影响。要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。