题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance (increase) survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
Other researchers are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome(综合症)and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
小题1:What does the phrase “both those responses” in Paragraph 1 refer to ?
A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness. |
B.The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers. |
C.The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying. |
D.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears. |
A.it is unnatural for people to shed tears |
B.we can reduce our stress by shedding tears |
C.shedders of tears can’t get help by crying loudly |
D.unlike animals, humans can shed tears for survival |
A.Roles of emotional tears. |
B.functions of shedding tears. |
C.Unwelcome shedders of tears. |
D.Research on the effects of tears. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
解析
试题分析:本文主要描述了流眼泪的好处和功能。新的研究表明情感眼泪可能起到减缓压力的作用,也可以诊断病情和指导用药。
小题1:细节理解题。从第一段第二句The shedder of tears (落泪者) is to apologize...及第三句The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears. 的信息可得知答案为C。
小题2:排除法。从倒数第二段emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress可排除B项,扩大了范围。 从第三段crying is a way to ask for assistance form others, the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help可排除C,根据crying has one or more functions that enhance (increase) survival排除D,表达错误,故选A。
小题3:综合全文,尤其是从文章倒数第二段中心句the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress及最后一段中心句the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs可得知文章主要讲述了流泪的好处和功能,故选择答案B。
核心考点
试题【It is thought that crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tear, whe】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
In nature, you may see many insects and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why?Locusts (蝗虫)are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies(敌人). The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops (庄稼). When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do.
Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can’t be seen easily by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies (蝴蝶)and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil in a dark and wet environment. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.
Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts(行为)? The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over, its enemies will find themselves in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all.
小题1:According to the passage, most soil insects ______
A.do not have bright colors |
B.change their colors with the soil |
C.do not live in a dark and wet environment. |
D.eat colorful insects like butterflies and bees. |
A.繁殖 | B.产卵 | C.觅食 | D.生存 |
A.Some insects and animals have different skills. |
B.Some insects and animals are cleverer than we think. |
C.Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves. |
D.Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily. |
Don’t scare yourself
Stop scaring yourself with your thought that it’s terrible to live this way. Find a mental image that gives you pleasure, and immediately change your scary thought to a pleasant one. Imagine a positive future ahead of you.
Be gentle, kind and patient
Be patient with yourself as you learn new ways of thinking. If you make a mistake you will develop self-hatred, but don’t hate yourself for thinking. Gently change your thoughts. Praise and support yourself.
Criticism breaks your spirit, while praise builds it up. Praise yourself as much as you can. Tell yourself how well you are doing with everything. Find ways to support yourself. Reach out to friends and allow them to help you. It is best to ask for help when you need it.
Take care of your body
Learn about nutrition. What kind of fuel does your body need in order to have enough energy and vitality(活力)? Learn about exercise. What kinds of exercise do you enjoy? Insist on doing exercise every day.
Mirror work
Look into your eyes in the mirror often and express the growing sense of love you have for yourself. At least once a day you should say to yourself: "I love you." If you have confidence in yourself, you’ll never give in to difficulty.
Love yourself. Do it now, begin now, and do the best you can.
小题1:According to the author, you should _____.
A.praise yourself now and then |
B.change yourself |
C.criticize someone else |
D.criticize yourself |
A.to defend | B.to challenge |
C.to appreciate | D.to suspect |
A.imagine a positive future ahead of you |
B.grow more confident of yourself |
C.find out the expressions on your face |
D.learn more about yourself |
Like John, millions of people — and their employers — are finding that telecommuting is a great way to work. Telecommuters can follow their own timetables. They work in the comfort of homes, where they can also look after young children or elderly parents. They save time and money by not traveling to work. Their employers save, too, because they need less office space and furniture. Studies show that telecommuters change jobs less often. This saves employers even more money. Telecommuting helps society, too, by reducing pollution and traffic problems.
Jobs that are suited to telecommuting include writing, design work, computer programming and accounting. If a job is related to working with information, a telecommuter can probably do it.
小题1:From the passage we can learn that John does his job .
A.by telephon | B.through the Internet |
C.in his office | D.away from home |
A.work for several employers | B.enjoy a lot of traveling |
C.get along well with other workers | D.work on your own schedule |
A.their employers can save money |
B.their employers will give them a higher pay |
C.they can get more work experience |
D.they will have a longer paid holiday |
A.acceptable for | B.bad for | C.difficult for | D.fit for |
Most people don’t like rats. In many people’s eyes, rats are only bad. But Jean Decety and his partners at the University of Chicago did an experiment. It showed that rats are kind, warm-hearted animals. They can feel each other’s pain.
Scientists placed pairs of rats in plastic cages(笼子) for two weeks. During this time they got to know each other. Then they put one of the rats from each pair into a small container(容器) in the cages. The small container had a door. It was so designed as to fall to the side when the free rat touched it. Many of the trapped(困住的) rats squeaked(吱吱叫) to show their discomfort. The other rats of the pairs could see their suffering(受苦的) friends clearly.
In most pairs, the free rats would become very worried about their friends. They kept trying to save their friends again and again throughout the month. Scientists put the rats’ favorite chocolate in the cages, but the rats didn’t eat it until they had saved their friends successfully. Scientists also found that female rats seemed to act more empathetic than male rats.
“The results are the first to show that rats take action in response to another’s trouble,” Decety said. “Monkeys and chimpanzees have similar behavior. But unlike those animals, rats can be ready used in laboratory studies. They will help us to learn which parts of the brain lead to empathy and helping behavior and whether empathy is natural.”
小题1:A person with empathy is often _____.
A.kind-hearted | B.clever | C.active | D.strong |
A.Because they were not hungry at that time. |
B.Because chocolate was not their favorite food. |
C.Because they wanted to save the trapped rats first. |
D.Because they were afraid that the chocolate was bad. |
A.Monkeys. | B.Chimpanzees. | C.Rats. | D.Cats. |
A.Rats can feel other animals’ pain. |
B.Chocolate is rats’ favorite food. |
C.Rats are empathetic and can feel each other’s pain. |
D.Female rats are more empathetic than male rats. |
Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education. In fact, if education is just a way of making a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school. People can get education for a living in a short time. Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone. Even language and mathematics need not be taught in detail(详细地), either. Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.
Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities. After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of human. Education is to make a man lead a better life. Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and most of them take an interest in the world.
I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason.
小题1:People with little education usually ____.
A.spend a long time in school |
B.have a good chance to get a job |
C.spend the best years to choose jobs |
D.have fewer chances to get a good job |
A.make a man lead a better life |
B.teach a man to write and think |
C.make people get a way of living |
D.teach people to read good books |
A.accept education as a way of living |
B.take an interest in the whole world |
C.develop their abilities to make plays |
D.learn subjects like language and math |
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