题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to finish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual (智力的) ability over the years. In general, Dr Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s, but with those in their 60s and 70s as well.
It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call “loss of memory” is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a speed. In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to get worse, it is not necessarily a sign of decline due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a sad emotional state.
小题1: This passage is mainly about _______.
| A．what caused mental decline |
| B．a new discovery about mental decline |
| C．the difference between middle-aged and older persons |
| D．how Dr Jarvik studied mental functioning of the twins |
| A．the study of diseases of the mind |
| B．the study of physical diseases |
| C．the study of twins’ growth |
| D．the study of human behavior |
| A．a worsening state of health | B．old age |
| C．nervous tension | D．a state of unhappiness |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
解析
试题分析：人们往往认为随着年龄的增长，人的智力有所下降，而且大脑功能也变得不再活跃。然而加利福尼亚大学的Dr Jarvik却通过研究发现人大脑的知识和推理能力不会随着人的年龄而减弱，只不过在思考问题的速度上有所减缓，而且表面上记忆力的衰退也不过是因为他们对事情没有全面了解而已。
小题1:B主旨大意题。在文章开头作者提出人们对大脑的错误认识，然后介绍了大学的Dr Jarvik的研究结果，随后两段均围绕这一话题展开行文，由此可知文章中心内容是介绍一项关于大脑智力下降的研究报告，所以B选项正确。
小题2:A词意猜测题。根据下文可知Dr Jarvik是从事大脑方面疾病研究的，由此推断psychiatry意思为“精神病学”所以A选项正确。
小题3:D细节理解题。根据文章末句Often it is simply a sign of a sad emotional state.可知人们往往认为metal decline 只是一种不快乐状态的征兆、表现。所以D选项正确。
核心考点
试题【Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older. B】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The two-year study compared children who were read to this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. These results were found one year and even two years later.
Shayne Piasta, an assistant professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, was an author of the study. She says most preschool teachers would find this method manageable and would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed text.
Ms Piasta says if you get children to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at word recognition and spelling. But she says research suggests that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic(系统的) way.
More than 300 children aged four and five were observed in classrooms in Ohio and Virginia. The children came from poor families and were below average in their language skills. This put them at risk of reading problems later. For 30 weeks, the children took part in a program called Project STAR. It tests the short-term and long-term results of reading regularly to preschool children in their classrooms.
There’re different ways that adults can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word, “This is a ‘dog’.” They can discuss how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print—for example, showing how words are written left to right in English.
小题1:According to the text, Shayne Piasta _______.
| A．worked in a middle school |
| B．didn’t attend the research at all |
| C．liked kids to be educated through words |
| D．hoped to increase kids’ interest through pictures |
| A．focused on adults’ education |
| B．was to study reading results |
| C．was mainly conducted at home |
| D．tested kids with good reading skills |
| A．Why words have meanings. |
| B．Different expressions of words. |
| C．How words are spelled differently. |
| D．Ways of teaching about print. |
| A．Child Development |
| B．Daily Technology |
| C．International Affairs |
| D．Health Development |
The U.S Department of Education released the scores in a report called The Nation’s Report Card (NAEP). This year, students earned the highest scores ever recorded on the math exam, which has been given since 1990.Fourth graders scored an average of 241.That is a one-point increase from 2009and a 28-point increase from 1990. Eighth graders made similar progress. Then average score this year was 284,up one point from 2009 and 21 points from 1990.
In reading, fourth graders scored an average of 221 points, the same average score since 2007.That score is four points above those from 1992, when the first reading test was given. Eighth graders scored an average of 265 points, up one point from 2009 and five points from 1992.
Education experts say reading is a harder subject to improve in the classroom than math. While math is largely learned in classrooms, reading results depend on how much kids read outside of school and how much they read in other subjects, such as history and science.
On the NAEP, math scores were the highest among students who have limited use of calculators(计算器) during math lessons, compared with students who have unlimited use or no use. Reading scores were the highest among students who said they read for fun on their own time almost every day.
小题1:According to the test, students in the U.S.A _______________________.
| A．do better in math than in reading |
| B．work harder at reading than at math |
| C．prefer to learn math in their spare time |
| D．are more interested in reading than before |
| A．238 | B．240 | C．213 | D．220 |
| A．eighth graders all took part in the test in 2007 |
| B．reading scores have not improved much since 2007 |
| C．eighth graders got higher scores than fifth graders |
| D．fourth graders’ scores are becoming lower and lower |
| A．The first reading test was given in 1990. |
| B．Eighth graders’ average math score was 285 in 2009 |
| C．Eighth graders got the same average as fourth graders in the reading this year |
| D．Reading is hard to improve in the classroom because that requires students to read a lot outside of school. |
Under plans, schools will operate longer days and work outside standard academic terms.
Each pupil will be expected to spend between four hours and two days a week on work placements with businesses linked to the school and teenagers will be assigned a personal coach to act as an academic “line manager”.
The reforms are put forward due to the fears that too many teenagers are now finishing full-time education lacking the skills needed to succeed in the workplace. According to a recent report, more than two-thirds of employers believe school and college leavers lack important “employability skills” such as customer awareness, while 55 per cent say they are unable to manage their time or daily tasks. And the number of NEETs has hit a record high, with almost one-in-five young people being left without a job or training place.
The Department for Education will announce the establishment of 12 studio schools -- meeting the need of around 3,600 teenagers -- in areas such as Liverpool, Stevenage, Stoke-on-Trent and Fulham, west London. Each one, opening in 2012, will be linked to a series of local employers. Under plans, pupils will be able to transfer out of ordinary schools to attend them between the age of 14 and 19.
The Government said all subjects would be taught “through projects, often designed with employers” -- with disciplines such as science being linked directly to local engineering firms or hospitals. Schools will operate a longer day to give pupils a better understanding of the demands of the workplace. Along with their studies, pupils will carry out work placements for four hours a week, rising to two days a week of paid work for those aged 16 to 19. They will also get the chance to take professional qualifications linked directly to the needs of local employers.
小题1:According to the passage, the NEETs are referred to those who ________.
| A．often miss classes from school |
| B．refuse to take any kind of part-time jobs after school |
| C．depend on their parents to find jobs after they graduate |
| D．have no jobs without accepting education and work training |
| A．interesting and lovely cartoons to make study easier |
| B．chances to get future jobs with expert job training |
| C．possibilities to make friends without going outside |
| D．lessons helping them to be admitted to universities |
| A．The determination to solve the problem of lacking workers. |
| B．The doubt about whether full-time education is perfect. |
| C．The worry about educated people lacking working skills. |
| D．The increasing number of teens who drop out early. |
| A．They can find suitable jobs earlier with good qualification. |
| B．They will be admitted to top companies with received training. |
| C．They needn’t go to university thanks to received training here. |
| D．They may have more free time to find part-time jobs after school. |
We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue, but do you know that unless saliva（唾液）dissolves something, our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten. Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds（味蕾）present on the tongue. Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something.
Women are much better smellers than men. They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly recognize the exact fragrance of the sample. We all can store almost 50,000 different smells, which are strongly tied to the memories.
Pupils（瞳孔）do not respond to light alone, but to the slightest bit of noise around too. Thus surgeons, watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment. Even a small noise can enlarge their pupils, change the focus and make their vision less clear.
Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell, which is unique to us, except the twins. This smell is very subtle yet can be sensed even by a newborn. It may be due to this smell that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around.
小题1:What may happen after you have had a rich lunch?
| A．Your eyes become weak and can not see well. |
| B．You may feel energetic and fresh. |
| C．Your hearing pitch may be decreased. |
| D．Your tongue may lose the function of taste. |
| A．Our tongues can’t be dried while eating something. |
| B．If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it, it will not work. |
| C．A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues. |
| D．If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper, it may work as well as before. |
| A．The number of sensory organs. |
| B．The functions of sensory organs. |
| C．The particular smell of a person. |
| D．The style of one’s behavior. |
| A．The Sensitivity of Sensory Organs |
| B．The Functions and Connections of Sensory Organs |
| C．A Newborn’s Sensory Organs |
| D．Different Senses Between Men and Woman |
He became interested in the idea of sanitation(卫生设施) after taking part in a research project on the social and political development of cities, One of the most common problems he found in developing countries was the lack of toilets, He wanted to do something to help, So working with others, he started the project in 2005, and the next year started a company called Peepoolple.
The toilet is a single—use bag made of environmentally friendly plastics, The inside is treated with urea （尿素）, a chemical commonly used as fertilizer, The hotter the weather, the more quickly the waste turns into what is needed by plants The sanitation process can be as soon as a couple of hours or as long as two to four weeks ,You can just bury it in a pot and grow whatever you like.
The company expects to start selling the bags in August in Kenya and Bangladesh, But it is just beginning production and sales in Nairobi now , Full production could reach about half a million bags a day and people may be able to buy the pee-pool in countries Vietnam, Bangladesh, etc.
The United Nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation ,Many have no choice but to use the outdoors, which is not only bad for the environment ,but also harmful to people’s health, Each year, poor sanitation leads to three fifths of those people getting an infectious disease which on average causes one out of 1,000 patients to die.
Jack Smith ,the founder of the World Toilet Organization ,says “This is quite an unacceptable situation given the fact that we are living in the modem world , And strangely, many of them own televisions ,phones but have no toilet.”
小题1:What was the original purpose of Anders Wilhelmson in starting the company?
| A．To protect the local environment |
| B．To earn a lot of money from the project |
| C．To do research on the social development |
| D．To help solve the problem of lack of toilets in developing countries |
| A．It can be used over again |
| B．Its sanitation process doesn’t last long |
| C．It works better in summer than in winter |
| D．It should be buried in a pot after being used |
| A．Nairobi | B．Vietnam | C．Sweden | D．Bangladesh |
| A．poor sanitation may cause many problems |
| B．many people don’t care for the environment |
| C．many people get ill from using the outdoors |
| D．quite a number of people died from poor sanitation |
| A．the outdoors being damaged |
| B．many places being shout of toilets |
| C．many people having TVs and phones |
| D．many people getting an infection disease |
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