Many people are aware of the beauty of a solar eclipse (日食), but are surprised to learn that lunar eclipses are often just as impressive. While total solar eclipse lasts only for a few minutes and can be seen only in a small area of a few kilometers, total lunar eclipse can last for several hours and can be seen over much of the planet. In fact, the beauty and stability of lunar eclipses make them a favorite of both amateur and professional photographers.
Lunar eclipses generally occur two or three times a year, and are possible only when the Moon is full. When we see the Moon, we are actually seeing sunlight reflected off the surface of the Moon When the Earth is positioned in between the Moon and the Sun, however, the Earth"s shadow falls on the Moon, and a lunar eclipse occurs.
The type of lunar eclipse - total, partial, or penumbral (半影) - that occurs depends both on how much of the Moon passes through the Earth"s shadow and through which part of the shadow it passes. A penumbral eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth"s outer shadow. This type of eclipse is brief and frequently goes unobserved by all but astronomers. By contrast, total and partial eclipses occur when all or part, respectively, of the Moon passes through the umbra（本影） shadow of the Earth. These eclipses are quite easy to see and are widely observed.
Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to watch. Solar radiation that occurs during an eclipse of the Sun can cause a form of burns of one"s eyes known as eclipse blindness. In fact, the only way to safely view a solar eclipse is by using specially designed equipment. However, since the Moon"s light is reflected sunlight, it is completely safe to watch a lunar eclipse without any special equipment, although a pair of binoculars can certainly help the viewer appreciate the beauty of this phenomenon
小题1:The underlined word "stability " most probably means_______.| A．strength | B．position | C．steadiness | D．visibility |
小题2:According to the passage, a partial lunar eclipse occurs________.| A．when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth | | B．when all of the Moon passes through the Earth"s umbra shadow | | C．when only a part of the Moon passes through the Earth"s outer shadow | | D．when only a part of the Moon passes through the Earth"s umbra shadow |
小题3:The passage implies that penumbral eclipses are________.| A．longer-lasting than most solar eclipses | | B．more common than partial or full lunar eclipse | | C．the result of the shadow cast by the Moon onto the Earth | | D．more difficult to observe than other types of lunar eclipse |
小题4:According to the passage, it is safe to watch a lunar eclipse, unlike a solar eclipse, because ________.| A．moonlight is less strong than sunlight | | B．a lunar eclipse is briefer than a solar eclipse | | C．a lunar eclipse lasts much longer than a solar eclipse | | D．special equipment can be employed to view a lunar eclipse |
|
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:A |
试题分析：
本文介绍了月食发生的条件、月食的类型和观看。月食只能在满月时发生，有月全食、月偏食和半影月食三种情形：月全食指月球全部进入地球本影，月偏食指月球部分进入地球本影，半影月食指月球离地球较远、只是从地球本影最外缘掠过；观看月食是完全安全的，无需设备。
小题1:词义推断题。第一段…total lunar eclipse can last for several hours and can be seen over much of the planet.说的是月全食时间上的持久性和可见区域的广阔性。这种特性使其成为专业摄影师和业余摄影爱好者的最爱。stability指的是月全食在时间上的持久稳定，词义与steadiness相近，故C项正确。
小题2:细节题。如出现A项描述的情况，会发生日食；B项情况出现会发生月全食；C项情况出现发生半影月食，即月球从地球本影外缘经过，此时月球光线略略变暗，很难被人注意。由第三段…total and partial eclipses occur when all or part, respectively, of the Moon passes through the umbra shadow of the Earth. 可知，月球全部进入地球本影发生月全食，部分进入地球本影发生月偏食。故D项正确。
小题3:细节题。由A penumbral eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth"s outer shadow. This type of eclipse is brief and frequently goes unobserved by all but astronomers.可知，半影月食时间短，经常不为人注意。故选择D项。
小题4:细节题。最后一段…since the Moon"s light is reflected sunlight, it is completely safe to watch a lunar eclipse without any special equipment告诉我们，月光是太阳光的折射，所以观察月食是绝对安全的。原因只能是月光比太阳光线弱。选择A项。 |
核心考点
试题【Many people are aware of the beauty of a solar eclipse (日食), but are surprised t】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
There has been a large increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is believed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in thefuture. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat (威胁)of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 31 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not solved
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property(财产）in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 1 1,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed（安装）in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower,” which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
About 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption（消耗）. China depends heavily on coal—fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
小题1:What problem should be settled now in London?| A．How to protect the city’s property | | B．Where to build its flood defences | | C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city | | D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences |
小题2:Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?| A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo. | | B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. | | C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”. | | D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings. |
小题3:The major threats to Shanghai are __________.| A．increasing population and coal-fired power stations | | B．rising sea levels and typhoons | | C．extremely high temperature and rising sea levels | | D．extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons |
小题4:The purpose of the passage is __________.| A．to tell us how to protect the big cities | | B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters | | C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves | | D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities |
|
What if I took that big jump on my bike?What’s the worst thing that could happen if I go out at midnight?Should try smoking?The teen years can play out like a choose-your-own-adventure novel.
Teenagers must act on an endless parade of choices.Some choices.including smoking.Come with serious consequences.As a result, adolescents often find themselves trapped between their impulsive tendencies（-Just try it!)and their newfound ability to make well-informed and logical choices（-Wait, maybe that’s not such a good idea!）.
So what makes the teenager’s brain so complex? What drives adolescents-more than any other age group-to sometimes make rash or questionable decisions?
If you have ever thought that the choices teenagers make are all about exploring and pushing limits, you are on to something. Experts Experts believe that this tendency marks a necessary period in teen development.The process helps prepare teenagers to confront the world on their own. It is something all humans have evolved to experience-yes, teens everywhere go through this exploratory period.Nor is it unique to people:Even laboratory mice experience a similar stage during their development.
For example，laboratory experiments show that young mice stay close by their mothers for safety. As mice grow．their behavior does too．“When they reach puberty，they’re like，‘I’m gonna start checking out how this environment looks without my mom，…explains Beatriz Luna,of the University of Pittsburgh．
As a developmental cognitive neuroscientist，Luna studies those changes that occur in the brain as children develop into adults．She and other researchers are showing how the teen experience can lead to powerful advantages later in life．Take mice again：Young mice that explore most tend to live longest——that is，unless a cat eats them，Luna adds．
小题1:What is the best title for the text?| A．Teenagers make endless choices | | B．The teenage brain drives them to be different | | C．How the teenage brain develops | | D．Researches about the teenagers |
小题2:What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?| A．It means “you are wrong”. | | B．It means“you lose your way”． | | C．It means“you get the point”． | | D．It means“you are off the point”. |
小题3:According to the text,the teenager who explores most wiIl| A．make no mistakes in his life． | | B．have advantages over others. | | C．loSe his confidence even his life. | | D．experience no failure and live Iongest. |
小题4:What does the writer want to tell us by taking mice for example？| A．young mice try to look for safety. | | B．Young mice like to stay with their mothers. | | C．Mice also experience a period to explore the world. | | D．Mice experience different stages. |
小题5:What may the text discuss in the next part?| A．How call a teenager make right choices | | B．Why the parents shouldn’t allow teenagers to smoke | | C．What has been discovered in the lab experiment． | | D．What really goes on in the teenage brain. |
|
As people in Beijing and northern China struggle with severe air pollution this winter,the toxic(有毒的)air is also making life hard for plants and even food crops of China．
"in the last 50 years there has been a 1 6-fold increase in ozone(臭氧)pollution”in the Beijing area，said Hanqin Tian of Auburn University in Alabama,who studies the effects of China"s pollution and climate change on plants．
Ozone is particularly harmful to plants because it damages the pores(气孔) on leaves，called stomata,which plants use to regulate how much water evaporates from the leaves．That，in turn，affectS how much water a plant must take up through its roots．Changes in water uptake by plants have been documented in other parts of the world，including the United States，as having major impacts on regional groundwater and surface water supplies．
In studies of the long-term productivity of plants，Hanqin Tian and some of his colleagues show that ozone pollution,along with climate change，has been lowering plant productivity in China,which reduces the amount of carbon and other pollutants that the plants Can absorb to fight all the emissions from the burning offossil fuels．
The worst effects on plants are likely to be in areas where the growing pollution problem is just fairly new, said Arthur Chappelka, also a plant researcher at Auburn University．Some plants are more resistant to pollutants than others，he said，and the plants that are living today in long-polluted urban areas are likely to be only those that are very pollution tolerant．
Away from the cities, however, where crops are necded to feed China’s yast population, the effeets of the growing pollution on crops is a significant concern.
“In some ways it affects the crop production and food securiy of China,”said Hanqin Tian.“Air quality is really important for human health, plants and ecosystem and sustainability.”
The problem is bound to get worse as China continues to develop economically, he said, and so he and other researchers continue to urge the Chinese government to take action to reduce emissions from cars and industries.
小题1:ozone does harm to plants mainly by ________.| A．exposing them to strong sunlight | | B．damaging the structure of their leaves | | C．adding more pores to the roots | | D．making the land unfit for the plants to grow |
小题2:Which of the following statement does Hanqin Tian support?| A．Ozone pollution has increased 1 6 times in the past 30 years． | | B．Ozone pollution has lowered plant productivity alone． | | C．Plants can take in a large amount of carbon and other pollutants． | | D．The toxic air has few effects on food supply in China． |
小题3:What Can we infer from the passage? | A．Healthy foods are not available in Beijing． | | B．Some kinds of plants aren’t affected by air pollution． | | C．Crops in China are hard to feed its large population． | | D．People should stop developing economically |
小题4:According to the passage，the Chinese govemment should| A．care more about developing economy | | B．reduce the number of cars and industries | | C．continue to make more researches | | D．take measures to reduce carbon emissions |
小题5:What′S the best title of the passage?| A．Polluted air damages plants and crops | | B．Air pollution is becoming more serious | | C．China’s air pollution and climate changes | | D．Food security in China |
|
People always say that the earlier one learns a language, the it is to do so, in theory it is that, , in my opinion, that refers to spoken language. Capability(能力) to practice some essential(基本的) of a language and read between the lines can only be trained through proper reading ways and hard work .So spending money to help learn English may up with disappointment. It is likely that the more you ,the more you are let down.
The daughter of one of my friends English in primary school, her foreign teacher’s blindness psychology. She did not want to go on English until middle school, a college student studying English slowly her interest in the language.
It is better to have the child learn Chinese than to have some difficulty learning English for several years. Having been engaged in English education, find that despite(尽管) their excellent , many students have command of English words and phrases. So I suggest that children
classical Chinese prose(散文),rather than them to learn English hurriedly. Otherwise, they may let go the best time to the language ability of their mother tongue.
| 小题1: | | A．easy | B．difficult | C．easier | D．more difficult |
|
| 小题2: | | A．but | B．however | C．though | D．yet |
|
| 小题3: | | A．opinions | B．regards | C．requests | D．expressions |
|
| 小题4: | | A．directly | B．orally | C．properly | D．indirectly |
|
| 小题5: | | A．people | B．girls | C．children | D．boys |
|
| 小题6: | | A．begin | B．start | C．finish | D．end |
|
| 小题8: | | A．loved | B．liked | C．disliked | D．learned |
|
| 小题9: | | A．because of | B．because | C．instead of | D．instead |
|
| 小题11: | | A．learning | B．to learn | C．with learning | D．for learning |
|
| 小题12: | | A．while | B．where | C．when | D．as |
|
| 小题13: | | A．introduced | B．practiced | C．explained | D．developed |
|
| 小题16: | | A．pronunciation | B．phrase | C．language | D．writing |
|
| 小题17: | | A．few | B．less | C．little | D．fewer |
|
| 小题18: | | A．write | B．do | C．remember | D．memorize |
|
| 小题20: | | A．study | B．improve | C．learn | D．master |
|
|
It is known to us that computer users are being warned by industry experts to pay attention to secret codes which could be used to record their conversation.
E-mails, screen savers, and electronic greeting cards can carry a secret code which is able to turn on the computer’s microphone, make a recording, and forward it to someone else without the user’s knowledge.
In fact any attachments (附件) sent to a computer, whether it is a game of Space Invaders, or a moving picture, can possibly be used to spy (窥探).
Experts say people should always think twice about opening attachments because --- although not common --- bugging (窃听) by computer can and has been done.
Bill Lyons, head of the Internet Security Company Finjan, said, “People in the army have tested this and you can be sure, if people in general are aware of it, then computer hackers (黑客) are aware of it. The frightening thing is that there are tools on the Internet which people, using a simple search method, can find, and which will enable them to attach this dangerous code to simple attachments.”
小题1:What is the advice given in the passage?| A．Use secret codes to record other people’s conversation. | | B．Be careful when opening an attachment. | | C．Never open any attachments. | | D．Never use secret codes. |
小题2:What worries the experts is that ___ .| A．nobody seems to believe such things | | B．nobody knows the danger of the code | | C．tools can easily be used to tie dangerous codes to e-mails | | D．effective ways can never be found to deal with the problem. |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．A moving picture cannot be used to spy. | | B．Electronic greeting cards cannot carry a secret code. | | C．A secret code is used to destroy the computer system. | | D．Any attachments sent to a computer may carry a secret code. |
|
