题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K (the strikeout-signifying letter) are significantly more likely to strike out.
Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.
“The conscious process is baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A"s,” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance consistent with the name-letter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”
The researchers" work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “name-letter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately(不定比例地)likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.
The twist, Pelham says, is that he has believed the name-letter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”
The researchers say the effect is definitely more than coincidence but is small nevertheless. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school,” Simmons says.
小题1:The new research is mainly about the relationship between one’s ______.
A.name and unconsciousness | B.name and characteristics |
C.name and success | D.sports and school achievements |
A.Miss Smith working as a lawyer. | B.Charles Brown married to Sue Rogers. |
C.Mr. Watt living in Washington | D.Paula Snow fond of the color white. |
A.Difference. | B.Conclusion. |
C.Funny side. | D.Shared part. |
A.isn’t believed in by many people | B.doesn’t work with certain names |
C.may not really exist | D.is often too small to show |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D
解析
试题分析:这篇文章介绍了名字的消极的作用,具体的说就是名字的字母会影响一个人的成功,也会影响人们的职业或居住点等。
小题1:主旨题:从文章第一段的第一句话:Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. 可知名字和是否成功是有关系的。选C
小题2:推理题:从第五段的句子:have found that people are disproportionately(不定比例地)likely to live in states or cities resembling their names,可知人们选择居住点也是和名字相似的,所以选C
小题3:猜词题;从倒数第二段的句子:看出这两种观点是不同的,有的认为名字有积极的影响,有的认为名字的消极影响大于积极影响。选A
小题4:从最后一段的句子;The researchers say the effect is definitely more than coincidence but is small nevertheless. 可知名字的作用是很小的。选D
点评:这篇文章以推理题的考查为主,解此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。
核心考点
试题【Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Rescue efforts were underway in Sichuan Province following the terrible 3 , which measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale. According to Xinhua news agency, nearly 15,000 4 died in the disaster, with as many as 24,000 more 5 under ruins and another 14,000 6 .
Chinese troops(军队) were 7 to carry out the rescue operations, and emergency aid was air-dropped into areas that were cut off by the 8 .
Because of the bad weather, in some places 9 had to go into the disaster area on foot and search for trapped survivors by hand as roads were 10 . Some people of the provincial capital Chengdu chose to 11 in tents and government shelters for fear of aftershock causing 12 damage. One witness in Chengdu said that the people there were helping the relief work by donating food and water for those affected in the 13 .
Although full casualty figures (伤亡数字) were not yet 14 , it was clear that the earthquake was the 15 to strike China after the Tangshan earthquake of 1976.
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After the war, the people of Tokyo began to rebuild their city. Buildings went up at a fantastic rate, and between1945 and 1960, the city’s population more than doubled. Because of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1964, many new stadiums, parks and hotels were built to treat visitors from all over the world. As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have risen. Housing shortage, pollution, and waste disposal(处理) have presented serious challenges to the city, but the government has begun several programs to answer them.
小题1:What kind of city is Tokyo?
A historic city. B. A world famous seaport.
C. A highly modernized city. D. A most attractive (有吸引力的) city for tourists.
小题2:What major(主要的) event(s) happened in Tokyo last century?
A.Its population was doubled. |
B.It was twice destroyed by natural disasters and was twice rebuilt. |
C.Serious social problems emerged.(出现) |
D.It was ruined by an earthquake and a war, but was twice rebuilt. |
A.Housing shortage. | B.Waste disposal. |
C.Heavy traffic. | D.Pollution. |
A.A severe (严重) earthquake and the Second World War. |
B.The foreign occupation (占领) after the war. |
C.The population explosion between 1945 and 1960. |
D.The rapid development of the city after the war. |
Reporter:How did War Horse become so successful?
Michael:War Horse was published in 1982,and it did not sell very well.But my publishers kept it in print,along with all my books.I am very grateful to Egmont and I’m sure now they are very grateful to themselves.
The book was discovered 21 years later,by accident.I was on Desert Island Discs on Radio 4 in 2003 when my work was becoming better known.One of the listeners was the mother of a director called Tom Morris,and after reading War Horse herself she told her son to read it.Two years later the play came out,and it was a huge hit that went to the West End,Broadway and now Canada and Australia,then a nationwide American tour in June this year.
In 2009 kathy kennedy,the producer who worked with Steven Spielberg,walked into the New London Theatre to see the play because her daughter liked it very much.She then phoned Spielberg and told him this would be his next film!The way it all happened is better than any of my stories.War Horse has now sold over 1 million copies.
Reporter:Has War Horse changed your life?
Michael:It has made all the difference in the world.The most important gift it has given us is not to have to worry about money,because there has always been a slight anxiety.It has allowed us to ensure our grandchildren’s education.There is a disadvantage to it as well,which is an assumption that I am super rich.I’m not,actually.It is very nice and completely unexpected but I have got to go on writing.If I were younger,I think,it would go to my head.Now I am too old for anything to go to my head.It is not the same as winning the lottery(彩票)。
小题1:Why are Michael’s publishers grateful to themselves too?
A.Because they never stopped printing it and it finally proved successful. |
B.Because they earned a lot thanks to books of high quality they printed. |
C.Because they have the ability to enlarge their company. |
D.Because they have the potential to film the story. |
A.Steven Spielberg and his daughter |
B.Tom Morris and his listeners |
C.Kathy Kennedy’s daughter |
D.Tom Morris’ mother |
A.Because she knew that the film was very popular. |
B.Because her daughter was mad on the play. |
C.Because her friend,Steven Spielberg,advised her to see it. |
D.Because she was looking for a story with an animal in her mind. |
A.He could stay at home looking after his grandchildren. |
B.He can make friends with famous film directors. |
C.He needn’t worry about his financial problems. |
D.He needn’t spend time writing another book. |
A.Calm. | B.Unbelievable. | C.Confused | D.Excited. |
One day, while watching a science documentary on TV, she heard that sound cannot travel in space, because there"s no air. At that moment, Brenda Bongos decided to become a sort of musical astronaut.
With the help of a lot of time, books and work, Brenda built a space bubble. This was a big glass ball connected to a machine which sucked out all the air inside. All that would be left inside was a drum kit(成套设备) and a chair. Brenda got into the space suit she had made, entered the bubble, turned on the machine, and played those drums like a wild child.
It wasn"t long before Brenda Bongos came very famous. Many people came to see her play in her space bubble. Shortly afterwards she came out of the bubble and started giving concerts. Her fame spread so much that the government suggested that she be part of a unique space journey. Finally, Brenda was a real musical astronaut, and had gone far beyond her first ambition of playing drums in a band.
Years later, when asked how she had achieved all this, she thought for a moment, and said: ""If those old people next – door hadn"t mattered so much to me, I wouldn"t have found a solution, and none of this would have ever happened.""
小题1:Why did Brenda try to play in the strangest places?
A.Because she didn"t want others to hear her play. |
B.Because she didn"t mean to disturb others. |
C.Because she didn"t have her own room. |
D.Because she didn’t like her neighbors. |
A.after she practiced in her space bubble |
B.when she became part of the unique space journey |
C.after she became a real musicalastronaut |
D.when people came to see her in the space bubble |
A.she was good at music and science | B.she became a real musical astronaut |
C.she invented a special way of practice | D.she played well and had a talent |
A.Kind, hardworking and clever. | B.Brave, kind and hardworking. |
C.Lovely, brave and kind. | D.Nervous, kind and clever. |
A.He laughs best who laughs last | B.It"s never too old to learn |
C.Two heads are better than one | D.One good turn deserves another |
Amphibians (两栖动物) are just one of the groups of animals that nature observers fear may have problems reproducing this year, as groundwater levels are even lower now than in the infamously dry summer of 1976, according to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). According to the UK"s Centre for Hydrology and Ecology the average rainfall so far this winter has been the lowest since 1972.
"If ponds dry up totally," says Mr. Wilkinson, "you could have lots of dead tadpoles." Drier and windier conditions could also make it more difficult for juvenile amphibians to survive their journeys between wet habitats.
But Peter Brotherton, the biodiversity manager for Natural England, says that "drought is part of nature"s cycle", and, at present, a lot of animals, plants and insects are still in hibernation. This means that the population picture is unclear. "However, when we get extreme events, we get animals dying," he says. "And what is worrying is that normally at this time of year we expect soil to be near saturation(湿润)after winter."
Charlie Kitchin, the RSPB"s site manager of the Nene Washes in Cambridgeshire, says the 2,000-acre wetland and grassland area is now struggling following two winters with relatively little winter rain and no flooding. One species that could suffer, he says, is the black-tailed godwit(黑尾豫). "There are only 50 breeding pairs in the country, and we have 40 of them, and everything is bone-dry," Mr Kitchin says.
But one bad nesting season, he says, is "not the end of the world". "One of the features of flood plains is that they"re volatile anyway," he adds. "But if they fail to breed another year, the population is likely to dip again."
小题1:According to the passage animals may have problems reproducing this year mainly due to _____.
A.drought | B.hibernation | C.windier conditions | D.extreme events |
A.drought is part of nature’s cycle | B.animals are still in hibernation |
C.soil at this time is far from saturation | D.the population of animals is still unclear |
A.Drought has so far continued for two winters. |
B.Animals could survive one bad nesting season. |
C.The black-tailed godwit is in danger of extinction. |
D.40 black-tailed godwits live in the Nene Washes. |
A.losing water | B.undergoing changes |
C.breeding animals | D.suffering flood |
A.groundwater levels this summer are lower than those of 1976 |
B.the average rainfall this year has been the lowest since 1972 |
C.windier conditions could also cause some amphibians’ death |
D.flooding plays no useful role in wetlands and grasslands |
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