题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.
Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
小题1:The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.
（No more than 3 words）
小题2:What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 10 words）
小题3:Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）
小题4:Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）
小题5:What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）
答案
小题1:shopping carts
小题2:It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.
小题3:Because few customers used his carts.
小题4: Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.
小题5:He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers.
Or: He was smart but he shouldn’t have used tricks to attract customers.
解析
小题1:词义猜测题。由上句----a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。
小题2:细节理解表达。由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。
小题3:细节理解表达。由第五段可知。
小题4:细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词---persuade people to give them a try.可知。
小题5:主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。
核心考点
试题【阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or he】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
首先请阅读下列深圳书城的畅销书的封面及基本信息：
| A．Foreword | |
 | The Antidepressant Survival Guide: Beat the Side Effects of Your Medication by Robert J. Hedaya, M.D, Robert J. Hedaya, M.D., is a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University Hospital"s Department of Psychiatry. Motto: Live well. |
| B．How Fear Limits Us | |
 | On Becoming Fearless... in Love, Work, and Life by Arianna Huffington Arianna Huffington was raised in Greece by her fearless mother. She has written this book for her two daughters in the hope that they will lead fearless lives. Motto: Overcome the obstacle, get over the next hill. |
| C．Determination: How to Set Goals and Go After Them | |
 | Fight Your Fear and Win by Don Greene, Ph.D. Don Greene, Ph.D., was a nationally ranked high school diver. He was the sports psychologist for the U.S. Olympic Diving Team. Motto: Determination is drive. |
| D．The Anger Business | |
 | Anger : The Misunderstood Emotion by Carol Tavris, Ph.D. Carol Tavris, Ph.D., was senior editor. she now teaches from time to time in the department of psychology at UCLA Motto: Reduce Stress! |
| E．In the Presence of Danger | |
 | The Gift of Fear by Gavin de Becker Davin de Becker, America’s leading expert on violence, is the bestselling author of the Gift of Fear: Survival Signals. Motto: Trust and act on our straight instincts. |
| F．Moving from Fear to Freedom | |
 | Transforming Anxiety, Transcending Shame by Rex Briggs, M.S.W. REX BRIGGS, M.S.W., has been a selected speaker at the National Anxiety Disorders Association of America’s conferences since 1986. Motto: Weaken anxiety |
下面是这些书的简要内容，请匹配相关的书名。
56．This useful, popular book shows that if you are gone broke and lose love, please hold yourself back. If you look fat, just face it calmly. If you are in survival thinking, the most important is that you get rid of all the difficulties in front of us, life will be safe, perfect. If your daughters are to take their rightful place in society, they must become fearless.
57．In this book, the author calls the nation’s leading experts on violent behavior, and shows you how to spot even tiny signs of danger before it’s too late. Most violent acts are unpredictable. It points out that true fear is often a signal that can save your life. Believe the threat of violence surrounds us every day. But we can protect ourselves by straight judgment.
58．This book based on his years of clinical experience. It says about twenty-five million Americans take medicine to avoid depression. Despite the advances in the treatment of depression in recent years, many patients, even with the best medical care, feel that they are not living rich and fulfilling lives. This book will direct you how to survive well.
59．This interesting book tells us that annoyance is as much a political matter as a biological one. And anger is a definite message: Pay attention to me. I don’t like what you are doing. Restore my pride. You’re in my way. Give me justice. This book suggests that when you’re angry, just let it right out.
60．This valuable book states that nervousness has become a constant factor in today’s society like a sign of the times, but it is sometimes difficult to recognize the effects of anxiety on our mental health. The only way to feel better about ourselves is to go out and do it.
At that time I didn’t realize my wife was looking on. Without showing her surprise, she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires, and shouted at the phone, “Yeah! Who do you think you are? Bad telephone! Bad telephone!” And she swept it into the wastebasket.
I stood watching her, speechless. What on earth...?
She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the test of the house, “Now hear this! All objects in this room----if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go!”
Then she turned to me. Kissed me and said calmly, “Honey, you just have to learn how to take control.” With that, she left the room.
After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight , I noticed that something in my mood （情绪） had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone? Her aunties helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him and talk to him calmly.
小题1:Why did the author shout at the telephone?、
| A．He was mad at the telephone. |
| B．He was angry with his agent. |
| C．He was anxious about his wife. |
| D．He was impatient with the secretary? |
| A．She said nothing. |
| B．She shouted at him. |
| C．She called the agent. |
| D．She threw the phone away. |
| A．His own behavior |
| B．His wife’s suggestion |
| C．His changeable feelings. |
| D．His wife’s sweet kiss. |
| A．Smut words |
| B．Unusual actions. |
| C．Surprising Looks |
| D．Anxious feelings. |
Math anxiety or fear of math is actually quite common. Math anxiety is quite 1 to stage-fright. Why does someone suffer 2 ? Fear of something going wrong in front of a crowd? Fear of 3 the lines? Fear of being judged 4 ? Fear of going completely blank? Math anxiety conjures（使现出） up fear of some type. The fear that one won"t be able to do the 5 or the fear that it"s too hard or the fear of failure which often stems(起因于) from having a lack of 6 . For the most part, math anxiety is the 7 about doing the math right, our minds draw a 8 and we think we"ll fail and of course the more frustrated and anxious our minds become, the 9 the chance for drawing blanks. Added pressure of having time limits on math tests and exams also cause the levels of anxiety grow for many students.
Where Does Math Anxiety Come From?
Usually math anxiety stems from 10 experiences in mathematics. Typically math phobias have had math presented in such a fashion that it led to limited understanding. Unfortunately, math anxiety is often 11 poor teaching and poor experiences in math which typically leads to math 12 . Many of the students I"ve encountered with math anxiety have demonstrated an over reliance on procedures in math as opposed to actually understanding the math. When one tries to memorize procedures, rules and routines without much 13 , the math is quickly forgotten and 14 soon sets in. Think about your experiences with one concept --- the division of fractions（小部分）. You probably learned about reciprocals（倒数） and inverses. In other words, "It"s not yours to reason why, just invert（反转） and multiply"（乘）. Well, you memorized the rule and it 15 . Why does it work? Do you really understand why it works? Did anyone every use pizzas or math manipulative（巧妙处理的） to show you why it works? If 16 , you simply memorized the procedure and that was that. Think of math as memorizing all the procedures -- 17 if you forget a few? Therefore, with this type of strategy, a good 18 will help, but, what if you don’t have a good memory. Understanding the math is critical. Once students 19 they can do the math, the whole notion of math anxiety can be overcome. Teachers and parents have an important 20 to ensure students understand the math being presented to them.
( ) 1. A. different B. similar C. far D. familiar
( ) 2. A. speech B. performance C. threatens D. stage-fright
( ) 3. A. understanding B. memorizing C. forgetting D. reading
( ) 4. A. poorly B. crazily C. well D. publicly
( ) 5. A. Chinese B. math C. English D. physics
( ) 6. A. wish B. conscience C. determination D. confidence
( ) 7. A. fear B. joy C. pleasure D. doubt
( ) 8. A .failure B. choice C. blank D. death
( ) 9. A. further B. greater C. less D. smaller
( ) 10. A. unpleasant B. unfair C. pleasant D. successful
( ) 11. A. because B. thanks to C. resulting in D. due to
( ) 12. A. fear B. anxiety C. failure D. misunderstanding
( ) 13. A. forgetting B. use C. understanding D. knowledge
( ) 14. A. panic B. excitement C. disappointment D. encouragement
( ) 15. A. opens B. works C. starts D. runs
( ) 16. A. so B. possible C. not D. any
( ) 17. A. Where B. Why C. When D. What
( ) 18. A. memory B. method C. brain D. body
( ) 19. A. fill B. realize C. confirm D. recognize
( ) 20. A. task B. aim C. appointment D. role
It all started when Graham Broad, a professor at the University of Western Ontario, found McKay’s name in a footnote in a book about university history. McKay was included in a list of university alumni （校友） who had served during the First World War, but his name was unfamiliar to Broad, a specialist in military history. Out of curiosity, Broad spent hours at the local archives （档案馆） in a fruitless search for information on McKay. Tired and discouraged, he finally gave up. On his way out, Broad’s glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers. His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform. As he read the words beside the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization. “After looking for him all day, there he was, staring up at me out of the exhibiting case,” said Broad. Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view.
Captain Alfred Edwin McKay joined the British Royal Flying Corps in 1916. He downed ten enemy planes, outlived his entire squadron （中队） as a WWI flyer, spent some time as a flying instructor in England, then returned to the front, where he was eventually shot down over Belgium and killed in December 1917. But there’s more to his story. “For a brief time in 1916 he was probably the most famous pilot in the world,” says Broad. “He was credited with downing Oswald Boelcke, the most famous German pilot at the time.” Yet, in a letter home, McKay refused to take credit, saying that Boelcke had actually crashed into another German plane.
McKay’s war records were destroyed during a World War II air bombing on London — an explanation for why he was all but forgotten.
But now, thanks to the efforts of Broad and his students, a marker in McKay’s memory was placed on the university grounds in November 2007. “I found my eyes filling with tears as I read the word ‘deceased’ （阵亡） next to his name,” said Corey Everrett, a student who found a picture of Mckay in his uniform. “This was such a simple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.”
小题1:What made Professor Broad continue his search for more information on McKay?
| A．A uniform of McKay. | B．A footnote about McKay. |
| C．A book on McKay. | D．A picture of McKay. |
| A．He trained pilots for some time. |
| B．He lived longer than other pilots. |
| C．He died in the Second World War. |
| D．He was downed by the pilot Boelcke. |
| A．Belgium | B．Germany | C．Canada | D．England |
| A．preferred fight to his study |
| B．went to war before graduation |
| C．left a picture for Corey Everrett |
| D．set an example for his fellow students |
| A．The research into war history. |
| B．The finding of a forgotten hero. |
| C．The pilots of the two world wars. |
| D．The importance of military studies. |
I managed to get into my wool snow trousers. But I struggled won my jacket because it didn’t fit well. It was a hand-mc-down from my brother, and if made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes, At least my hat and scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots（靴子）.
In her calm, motherly voice she said, “By the end of winter, you will all be able to put on your own boots.” I didn’t realize at the at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence（信心）.
I handed her my boots and stuck out my foot. Like most children, I expected grown-ups to do all the work. After much pushing, she managed to get first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too.
I announced, “They’re on the wrong feet.”
She struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again.
“They’re my brother’s boots, you know,” I said. “I hate them”.
Somehow, from long years of practice, she managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying（烦人的） little girl, She struggle with me, she asked, “Now, where are your mittens（连指手套）？”
I looked into her eyes and said, “I didn’t want to lose them, so I hid them in the toes of my boots.
小题1:The little girl was more satisfied with her_____.
| A．trousers | B．jacket | C．boots | D．hat |
| A．the girl got them from her brother | B．the girl put something in them |
| C．they were on the wrong feet | D．they did not fit the girl well |
| A．Because the little girl was in her brother’s clothes. |
| B．Because it was the most exciting day of the winter . |
| C．Because the little girl played a trick on her. |
| D．Because the little girl wore a pretty scarf. |
| A．was losing confidence in the little girl. |
| B．gradually lost patience with the little girl. |
| C．became disappointed with the little girl. |
| D．was getting bored with the little girl. |
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