Scientists from the Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tubingen, - 高中英语试题 - 超级试练试题库

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Scientists from the Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tubingen, Germany, have presented the first experimental evidence that people do end up walking in circles if lost in unfamiliar areas．The study, published in the journal Current Biology, examined the tracks of people who walked for several hours in the Sahara desert in Tunisia and in the Bienwald forest in Germany．Researchers Jan Souman and Marc Ernst said the scientists used the global positioning system （GPS） to record these paths．The results showed that the walkers were only able to keep a straight line when the sun or moon was visible．As soon as the sun disappeared behind some clouds, people started to walk in circles without even noticing it．
Souman said one explanation offered in the past for people walking in circles was that most people have one leg longer or stronger than the other, which would produce a systematic bias（偏差） in one direction．To test this．the researchers asked people to walk straight while blindfolded which removed the effects of vision．They found that these circles were rarely in a systematic direction, with the same person sometimes switching to the left and sometimes to the right．
"Most of the participants in the study walked in circles, sometimes in extremely small ones．Walking in circles is therefore not caused by differences in leg length or strength, but more likely the result of increasing uncertainty about where straight ahead is," said Souman, "Small random errors （随机性误差） in the various sensory signals that provide information about walking direction add up over time, making what a person perceives to be straight ahead drift away from the true straight ahead direction．"
72．The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refers to _____．
A．the effects of vision             B．a systematic bias
C．the leg length differences         D．one explanation offered in the past
73．What is the probable reason for people"s walking in circles?
A．The invisible sun or moon．
B．The increasing uncertainty about directions．
C．Differences in leg length or strength．
D．Wrong signals providing information about areas．
74．Why are the subjects required to be blindfolded?
A．To encourage them to walk straight．    B．To stop them from seeing each other．
C．To dismiss the effects of vision．D．To keep the test a top secret．
75．Which of the following statements is true?
A．People walk straight in the day．
B．The farther people walk, the greater the direction bias grows．
C．People walk only in large circles．
D．Researchers use the global positioning system to record their tracks．

答案

72．D 73．B 74．C 75．B

解析

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核心考点

试题【Scientists from the Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tubingen, 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]

举一反三

II．完形填空
命题意图：以下两篇完形填空题的主题突出，语言简明，容易理解，绝大部分试题属于根据主旨分析判断的理解题，有利于学生解题，提高他们的解题能力和自信心。请针对学生实际情况，选用以下训练题。
（1） My father was an ill-humored man．I knew he loved me and his love was deep．He just didn’t know how to   36   it.
One evening we went out for a night on the town．We were sitting in an elegant restaurant that had a small but lively   37 ．When it played a familiar waltz tune I decided to   38   him for a dance.
“Dad, you know I’ve never   39   with you before．I begged you but you   40   wanted to．How about right now?”
I waited for the   41   refusal．But instead, he considered thoughtfully and then said, “Let’s hit the floor and I’ll   42   you just what kind of moves an old guy like me can still make.”
My father took me in his   43   and I felt overcome by emotion.
As we danced I looked up at my father carefully but he   44   my eyes.
“Dad,” I finally 45 , tears in my eyes, “Why is it so hard for you to look at me?” At last his eyes dropped to my face．“ 46   I love you so much.” he whispered back．I was struck dumb by his   47 ．It wasn’t what I had thought．But it was of course exactly what I needed to   48 ．I had always known that he loved me．I just hadn’t understood that his vast emotion had   49   him and made him silent．“I love you too, Dad!” I whispered back softly．He stumbled （结结巴巴地说） over the next few words: “I’m s

orry that I’m not open．It’s   50   for me, but just remember how much I love you.”
When the dance ended I excused myself to the ladies’ room and during my absence   51   changed．
When I came back, Dad sat in his chair   52   his body leaning forward, very pale．Everything was really too late．He was   53 ．
That night all I saw was his leaning body and pale face．But it’s a totally different scene    that I   54   now．I remember him saying “I love you” and my saying it back．The three words   55 on forever long after we are gone．
36．A．answer        B．express        C．mention       D．understand
37．A．band         B．hall           C．sofa          D．bar
38．A．invite        B．teach         C．help          D．show
39．A．chatted       B．sang           C．danced        D．stayed
40．A．still        B．even         C．also          D．never
41．A．final           B．normal        C．rough         D．usual
42．A．tell          B．show          C．ask          D．explain
43．A．arms           B．hands          C．heart           D．mind
44．A．noticed       B．ignored       C．avoided       D．greeted
45．A．complained     B．whispered       C．explained        D．shouted
46．A．Because      B．Though       C．If            D．While
47．A．response    B．advise         C．promise        D．excuse
48．A．find          B．know        C．hear          D．think
49．A．surprised    B．pleased       C．inspired      D．frightened
50．A．clear           B．important        C．impossible       D．hard
51．A．everything      B．something       C．nothing       D．anything
52．A．for          B．with               C．on           D．from
53．A．moved        B．tired               C．lost           D．gone
54．A．discover       B．remember       C．remind         D．consider
55．A．depend       B．carry          C．live             D．take

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III．阅读理解
命题意图：以下几篇题阅读理解题主要选用了主题突出，语言流畅的叙述文、应用文和说明文，旨在训练学生的基本阅读能力------快速搜索信息能力和简单的信息处理能力（如时空排序能力等）。请针对学生实际情况，选用以下训练题。
（1）------易题
Doing Favours Can Be Dangerous
I found out one time that doing a favour for someone could get you into a lot of trouble．I was in the eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test．During the test, the girl sitting next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand．So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen．She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write．I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed．As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up; she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for your own acts．For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves．She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave．I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.
Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test．When she saw me lean over to talk to the girl next to me, it looked as though I was copying answers from the girl’s test paper．I tried to explain about the pen, but all she could say was it seemed awfully strange to her that I hadn’t mentioned anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test．Even though I tried to explain that I was just doing the girl a favour by letting her use my pen, I am sure she continued to believe that I had cheated on the test.
1．As the author didn’t understand what the girl was whispered, he __________．
A．paid no attention to her
B．turned to the teacher for help
C．tried to find out what it was all about
D．whispered back, meaning to silence her
2．The teacher believed that the author was trying __________．
A．to help the girl next to him B．to copy the answers from others
C．to lend his pen to his partner D．to whisper the answers to the girl
3．The main point stressed in the teacher’s talk was __________.
A．honesty B．independence C．sense of duty D．willingness to help
4．The boy came to see what had happened to him __________．
A．the moment he was asked to stay behind
B．when the teacher started talking to him
C．when he was walking out
D．only some time later

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（5）------中偏易题
When other nine-year-old kids were playing games, she was working at a petrol station．When other teens were studying or going out, she struggled to find a place to sleep on the street．But she overcame these terrible setbacks to win a highly competitive scholarship and gain entry to Harvard University．And her amazing story has inspired a movie, “Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story”, shown in late April.
Liz Murray, a 22-year-old American girl, has been writing a real-life story of willpower and determination．Liz grew up in the shadow of two drug-addicted parents．There was never enough food or warm clothes in the house．Liz was the only member of the family who had a job．Her mother had AIDS and died when Liz was just 15 years old．The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life．Connecting the environment in which she had grown up with how her mother had died, she decided to do something about it.
Liz went back to school．She threw herself into her studies, never telling her teachers that she was homeless．At night, she lived on the streets．“What drove me to live on had something to do with understanding, by understanding that there was a whole other way of being．I had only experienced a small part of the society,” she wrote in her book Breaking Night.
She admitted that she used envy to drive herself on．She used the benefits that come easily to others, such as a safe living environment, to encourage herself that “next to nothing could hold me down”．She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University．But Liz decided to leave her top university for a couple of months earlier this year in order to take care of her father, who has also developed AIDS．“I love my parents so much．They

are drug addicts．But I never forget that they love me all the time.”
Liz wants moviegoers （影迷） to come away with the idea that changing your life is “as simple as making a decision”．
1．In which order did the following things happen to Liz?
a．Her Mum died of AIDS．
b．She worked at a petrol station．
c．She got admitted into Harvard．
d．The movie about her life was put on．
e．She had trouble finding a place to sleep．
A．b, a, e, c, d B．a, b, c, e, d C．e, d, b, a, c D．b, e, a, d, c
2．What decision did Liz make that changed her life?
A．To write Breaking Night.
B．To go to the best university.
C．To live through the difficult time.
D．To live a different life from her parents’．
3．When she wrote, “What drove me to live on … I had only experienced a small part of the
society”, she meant that ________.
A．she had little experience of social life
B．she could hardly understand the society
C．she would do something for her own life
D．she needed to travel more around the world

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（7）------中偏难题
People generally use spices （香料） every day when preparing meals．Most of these spices are readily available in local supermarkets．However, in the 15th and 16th centuries, spices were as valuable as gold or diamonds．Spices are small plants or parts of plants, such as ginger, pepper, vanilla, and cinnamon, which are used to add flavor to our food． 1 Such a use for spices actually goes all the way back to Roman times．The Romans used spices such as cumin and coriander to help preserve food．
The spices came to Europe from countries to the east, such as the islands in the East Indies, Sri Lanka, and India． 2 Because of the long journeys involved, they were very expensive．
European sailors began to look for routes to these countries themselves in order to bring back the spices by sea．In 1498, a Portuguese explorer named Vasco Da Gama reached an East Indies is

land called Calicut． 3 In 1519, another Spanish explorer, Ferdinand Magellan, found a new trade route by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean, around the southern tips of both South America and Africa, and back to Europe．
4 Portugal was the leader until the end of the 16th century．Spain was in control during much of the next 100 years．Then, Holland took over．The Dutch controlled the East Indies, but, in 1780, England defeated them in a famous war． 5 They treated the people there badly and made them submit to the British government.
India finally became independent from Britain in the 1940s．Today, it is still called “the land of spices”．In fact, at present India produces 2.5 million tons of spices each year and produced more types of spices than any other country．

A．For centuries, Arab traders had carried the spices over land and sold them to European countries．

B．For the next four centuries, Western countries raced each other for control of the spice trade in these new countries, which they called the “New World.”

C．Though they might not be as valuable today as gold or diamonds, spices are still big business around the globe.

D．Six years earlier, Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus had been looking for spices when he discovered America.

E．The English then moved from the islands into India.
F．The history of spice is almost as old as human civil

ization.
G．In those times, spices also helped keep meat from spoiling.

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第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)
To forgive (宽恕) may be great, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your complaint. But forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.
So how do you start forgiveness? Try following these steps:
Calm yourself. To calm your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Luskin says.
Don’t wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Luskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. So if you ______________________, you could be waiting an awfully long time.”
Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who cause you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Luskin says.
Try to see things from the other person"s perspective. If you understand that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear —even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. “For some people, forgiving
themselves is the biggest challenge,” Luskin says. “But it can rob
you of your self–confidence if you don’t forgive yourself.”
81. What is the best title of the passage? （Please answer within 10 words.）
___________________________________________________________________
82. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
If you always keep your hurt in mind, you will encourage the person who hurt you.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
83. Please fill in the blank in the 4th paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（Please answer within 8 words.）
____________________________________________________________
84. Which advice is the most difficult for you to follow? Why? （Please answer within 30 words.）
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
85. Translate the underlined sentence in the last but one paragraph into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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