题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
“Buddy up!” Always swim with a partner, every time-and this is very important. Even experienced swimmers can become tired or face sudden accidents, which might make it difficult to get out of the water. When you swim together, you can help each other or go for help in a minute.
Get skilled. It’s good to go be fully prepared. Learning some life-saving skills can help you save a life. A number of organizations offer free classes to both beginning and experienced swimmers and boaters. Check with local hospitals, or the Red Cross.
Know your limits (极限). Swimming an be a lot of fun and you might want to stay in the water as long as possible. If you’re not a good swimmer or you’re just learning to swim, don’t go in water that’s so deep for you and don’t try to keep up with skilled swimmers. That can be dangerous, especially when your friends are challenging you.
If you are a good swimmer and have had lessons, keep an eye on friends who aren’t as comfortable or as skilled as you are. If they or you are getting tired, you should take a break for a while.
Swim in safe areas only. It’s a good idea to swim only in places that are directed by a lifeguard. No one can expect changing ocean currents (水流), sudden storms, or other dangers. In the event that something does go wrong, lifeguards trained in life-saving skills are ready to help.
Swimming in an open body of water like a lake is different from swimming in a pool. Do your research so you know where not to swim, and pay attention to any warning sign(警告标志) posted in the area.
| 小题1: on swimming safety | |
| Swim with a partner | It is very 小题2: to go swimming with partners. |
| Partners who are 小题3: together can help each other or ask for help at once. | |
| Make full小题4: | Learning some life-saving skills can be very 小题5: during a sudden danger. |
| 小题6: free classes offered by local hospitals, or the Red Cross. | |
| Know your limits | Do not swim in the water that is too deep. |
| Do not try to swim too小题7: to catch up with skilled swimmers. | |
| 小题8: out for your partners if you are an experienced swimmer. | |
| Swim in safe areas | Swim in places where there is a 小题9: . |
| There is 小题10: between swimming in a pool and in the lake. | |
答案
小题1:Tips/Advice/Suggestions
小题2:important
小题3: swimming
小题4:preparations
小题5:helpful
小题6: Attend/Take/Have
小题7:fast/quickly
小题8: watch
小题9:lifeguard
小题10: difference
解析
试题分析：
小题1:Tips/Advice/Suggestions 归纳总结题。根据第一段最后一句Learning how to keep safe is necessary if you plan to go swimming.可知本文是关于游泳安全的建议。
小题2:important 原词再现。根据第二段第一句Always swim with a partner, every time-and this is very important.
小题3: swimming 原词再现。根据第二段最后一句When you swim together, you can help each other or go for help in a minute.可知一起游泳的人比较安全。
小题4:preparations 词形转换。根据第三段第一句It’s good to go be fully prepared.可知要我们做好充分的准备，转换成make preparations做准备。
小题5:helpful 词形转换。根据文章第三段最后一句. Learning some life-saving skills can help you save a life.中的动词help可知这里应该使用形容词helpful。
小题6:Attend/Take/Have 同义句转换。根据A number of organizations offer free classes可知有很多的免费的课程。可知这里是指参加这样的课程。Attend the class。参加课程。
小题7:fast/quickly 同义词转换。根据don’t try to keep up with skilled swimmers可知要求我们不要转换得太快。
小题8:watch 同义词转换。根据文章倒数第二段keep an eye on friends who aren’t as comfortable or as skilled as you are.可知要注意我们的同伴。
小题9:lifeguard 原词再现。根据文章倒数第二段第三行It’s a good idea to swim only in places that are directed by a lifeguard.可知我们要在有救生员的地方游泳。
小题10: difference 词性转换。根据文章最后一段第一句Swimming in an open body of water like a lake is different from swimming in a pool.原句中使用different，这里使用名词difference.
点评：本文属于任务型阅读，在完成此类题目时，要仔细阅读短文和表格，根据文章的篇章结构找出原文中的相应的语群，从同义词，近义词，反义词等角度出发，寻找原词再现，进行归纳总结，确定合适的答案。
核心考点
试题【When the weather turns warm, everyone wants to be in or around the water. Learni】；主要考察你对数词等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Ask yourself how the criticism will affect you. Will you lose your job because of the criticism? Will you lose what is important to you because you are criticized? Will life stop existing if your opinions are not accepted? Surely not! So, don’t worry about it. Instead, remember that some criticism actually helps you make some improvements.
You absolutely cannot stop what people say. What you can do, however, is to change the way you react to criticism. If you let it upset you, then the blame is on you. You have the right to decide what to do with the criticism you receive.
Don’t be afraid to accept criticism. No one likes to be told that he is wrong. Yet, every single person has, at one time or another, been blamed for something. Realize that it’s normal. You may have received some strong criticism, but it doesn’t mean that you are foolish, or that you don’t have the ability to do something properly. If you are afraid to put your work out for others to see, you’ll never know if you are a capable person. Try not to think of it in that way and don’t take it seriously. If you can learn to be optimistic, you will remove some stress and nervousness about what people think, thus becoming happier.
Consider where the criticism comes from. It may help you step back and examine what causes the criticism. Is the critic just trying to offer constructive criticism? It is much easier to accept correction or guidance from someone that has good intentions. This type of criticism is known as valid criticism, because there is a valid point or reason to it. On the other hand, there are critics that offer their advice just to be negative. This is commonly referred to as invalid criticism because it is often not of any use at all.
Do your best. And if someone doesn’t like what you’ve done, so what? It’s either valid criticism or invalid criticism. But you have the power to decide how you will allow it to affect you.
Title: How to deal with criticism
| The author’s opinion about criticism | Criticism is a (n)小题1: part of life and it is up to you to decide your reaction to it. |
| Ways of dealing with criticism | ●Understand the 小题2: that criticism has on you: 1) Some criticism won’t make a difference to you, so don’t feel 小题3: about it. 2) Some criticism can help you 小题4:. ●Change the way you respond to criticism and try not to be 小题5: about it. ●Accept criticism 小题6:: Receiving criticism doesn’t mean you are stupid or you are 小题7: to do things. ●Be optimistic about criticism and you will become less stressed or 小题8:. ●Think about the 小题9: for criticism: It may be valid criticism or invalid criticism. |
| 小题10: | Take criticism as it is and remember you decide how you respond to it. |
Building the fastest supercomputer has become a source of national pride, as these machines are valued for their ability to solve problems in areas like defense, energy and science. These problems are related to national interests. Supercomputing technology is also found in business. Oil and gas companies use supercomputers to find oil and gas.
Obviously, research centers with large supercomputers attract top scientific talents. This adds extra importance to the machines—they’re more than just huge computers.
China’s new supercomputer will be used to speed up greatly scientific calculations, such as hurricane and tsunami modeling, cancer research, car design and even studying stars.
In 2008, two US scientists put together a step-by-step guide on how to build a supercomputer using PlayStation 3 video-game consoles（控制台）. Modern supercomputers are built by combining thousands of small computer servers（服务器）and using software to turn them into one large computer. Really, any organization with enough material and technology can create a fast machine.
The Chinese system follows that model by linking thousands upon thousands of computer servers. But the secret behind the system—and the technological achievement—is China’s own networking technology. “That technology was built by them,” Dongarra said. “They are taking supercomputing very seriously and using a lot of time and money.”
“China is still a developing country,” said Sha Chaoqun, manager at Dawning Company which is the leading supercomputer maker in China. “Maybe one day, China’s total computing power can be greater than that of the US, but there is still a long way to go before we get there.”
| Paragraph outline | Supporting details |
| China has developed the world’s fastest supercomputer. | ◇Tianhe-1 has a high computing speed, which 小题1:_______ it the fastest computer in the world. ◇Tianhe-1 is 40 percent faster than the 小题2:______ fastest supercomputer in the world. ◇小题3:_____ Jack Dongarra, we learn that the Chinese supercomputer is faster than the existing Number One machine. |
| Many countries see the fastest supercomputer as a source of national 小题4:______ and are making efforts to develop it. | ◇The high-speed computer is 小题5:________ to solve problems related to national interests. ◇Besides 小题6:______, supercomputing technology can also be found in areas of defense, energy and science. ◇It’s obvious that top scientific talents are 小题7:______ to research centers with large supercomputers. |
| The secret behind supercomputers is networking technology. | ◇By using the technology built by Chinese people, taking it 小题8:_______ and devoting lots of time and money, China has achieved a lot. |
| Mr. Sha showed a conservative（保守的） 小题9:_______ toward the development of computing power. | ◇小题10:_________ the greater computing power China may have in the future, there is still a long way to go. |
Subject
In England and Wales the subjects taught in schools are laid down by the National Curriculum, which was introduced in 1988 and sets out in detail the subjects that children should study and the levels of achievement they should reach by the ages of 7, 11, 14 and 16, when they are tested. The National Curriculum does not apply to Scotland, where each school decides what subjects it will teach.
In the US the subjects taught are decided by national and local governments. Whereas British schools usually have prayers and religious instruction, American schools are not allowed to include prayers or to teach particular religious beliefs.
Examinations
At 16 students in England and Wales take General certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations. These examinations are taken by students of all levels of ability in all subjects and may involve a final examination, an assessment, or both of these things. At 18 some students take A-level examinations, usually in no more than three subjects. It is necessary to have A levels in order to go to a university .
In Scotland students take the Scottish Certificate of Education (SCE) examinations. A year later, they can take examinations called HIGHS, after which they can either go straight to a university or spend a further year at school and take the Certificate of Sixth Year Studies. In Scotland the university system is different from that in England and Wales. Courses usually last four years rather than three and students have to study a larger number of subjects as part of their degree.
In the US school examinations are not as important as they are in Britain. Students in High Schools do have exams at the end of their last two years, but these final exams are considered along with the work that the students have done during the school years.
Social Events and Ceremonies
In American high schools there is a formal ceremony for graduation . Students wear a special cap and gown and receive a diploma from the head of the school. Students often buy a class ring to ear, and a yearbook, containing pictures of their friends and teachers. There are also special social events at American schools. Sports events are popular, and cheer leaders lead the school in supporting the school team and singing the school song. At the end of their junior year, at age 17 or 18, students held in the evening. The girls wear long evening dresses and the boys wear TUXEDOS.
In Britain, there are no formal dances or social occasions associated with school life. Some schools have Speech Day at the end of the school year when prizes are given to the best students and speeches are made by the head teacher and sometimes an invited guest.
Title:___小题1:___in Britain and the US
| | In Britain | In the US |
| Ages | Students ___小题2:____school between the ages of 5 and 16. | Students go to school from the age of 6 to between the ages of 14 and 16, which __小题3:___ in different states. |
| Subjects | * The subjects are required by the National Curriculum in England and Wales * ___小题4:___in Scotland have the right to determine the subjects to be taught | * Prayers or particular religious beliefs are not ___小题5:___in subjects. * Subjects are decided by national and __小题6:__government |
| Exams | * In England and Wales, one cannot go to university ___小题7:___A levels. * Exams in Scotland are different from __小题8: in England and Wales | *Exams are not so important as they are in Britain. *Students have exams at the end of their last two years. |
| Social events and ceremonies | * Schools have no formal dances or social occasions related to school life. * There is Speech Day in some schools, a time for giving prizes and making speeches | * A formal ceremony is held for students who ___小题9:___from high school. * Sporting events enjoy _ __小题10:_with students. |
注意： 每个空格只填1个单词。
There are many destructive (破坏性的) forces when it comes to nature, which have destroyed whole cities and killed many people. They’re really terrible, but they occur somewhat often, and this is why you see so many charities these days which focus their efforts on helping people who have been affected by natural disasters.
While the world is a very beautiful place to live in, there will always be parts of the world where natural disasters happen more often than in other places, where properties and lives are destroyed. Only the people who live in the country where tsunamis and earthquakes as well as other disasters occur experience these, and we can only imagine the suffering that they go through.
For some people out there, the world is cruel, but they have no choice but to stay where they are. A lot of the time people simply cannot afford to move away, as they might not be able to get a job when they leave.
In 2004, there was a tsunami in the Indian Ocean. A tsunami is a large wave that towers hundreds of feet into the air, and covers whole areas when it comes crashing down on to dry land. This particular tsunami was caused by an earthquake that happened in the middle of the sea, shooting the water away from the ground and towards dry land. This tsunami actually reached thirty meters in height, and was one of the worst tidal waves the world has ever seen. Over 200,000 people were hurt in the disaster.
In 2005, we also saw a hurricane happened in the United States. This hurricane was known as hurricane Katrina, and is perhaps the worst in the history of the world. It happened in 2005 and destroyed millions of properties in the area. It also took the lives of nearly 2,000 American people. It was known that for ten days, the wind swept through the area, meaning the most powerful country in the world became helpless in their attempts to save the people who were affected by the hurricane.
Finally, in 2008 we saw yet another natural disaster. This time it was a cyclone (旋风), which is similar to a hurricane but happens in a circular motion (圆周运动). This cyclone Nargis had been one of the strongest to have ever occurred, reaching a death toll of nearly 150,000 people.
All of these were terrible disasters that were unavoidable.
Title: Forces of Nature
| Introduction | Destructive forces of nature refer to natural disasters 小题1: _______ tsunamis and earthquakes. |
| Consequences | ◆ When these terrible disasters occur in some parts of the world, they小题2:_______ properties and lives. ◆ People in these parts go through the小题3:_______ that only exists in our imagination. ◆ Some people out there have to 小题4:_______ where they are. They can’t afford to move away, as jobs in other places might not be 小题5:_______. |
| Examples | ◆ The 2004 tsunami reached a小题6:_______ of thirty meters and it was one of the worst tidal waves in the world. ◆ The 2005 小题7:_______ known as Katrina swept through parts of the US, causing great loss. Even the most powerful country could do小题8:_______ to save its people. ◆ The 2008 cyclone called Nargis had been one of the strongest, leaving nearly 150,000 people小题9:_______. |
| Summary | These terrible disasters couldn’t be小题10:_________. |
In France, when a woman enters a café or restaurant, she is freely discussed, not only about her appearance but about her past and future as well. She invites looks in the street whether she is beautiful or plain. There is no better way for a woman to get back her self-confidence than a walk in the streets of Paris or Marseilles, and woman really like that.
In Italy, people love talking. They sit about in cafes, exchanging news and discussing politics. They do not hesitate to ask questions about the family, income and private life of anybody who happens to be there.
The Swiss eat as a pastime. Ladies walk into a teashop, eat a couple of ice creams and a large piece of chocolate cake, and then leave, complaining about their weight.]
For the Americans, the greatest fondness is said to be the push of buttons. You push a button in the lift, you push a button for cigarette, chewing gums, stamps, even for a life insurance. You can even push a button to get married and another button to get divorced.
In England, waiting in a line is national passion. The English will form a line whether they have the opportunity or not. Long queues can be seen, for example, at stations when the train is practically empty and everybody can have a seat.
| In different 小题1:_____ | What people like to do best |
| In France | People love to discuss how a woman 小题2:_______, what she did in the past and what she will be in the future. Women like to 小题3:______ in the street to get back confidence. |
| In Italy | People sit in café, 小题4:______ with each other, and sometimes they even ask about some 小题5:______ information. |
| In Swiss | Ladies eat a lot of fatty 小题6:_______ but they often 小题7:______ having done so. |
| In the 小题8:___ | It seems that you can do almost everything 小题9:_____ pushing buttons. |
| In England | The whole nation love to小题10:______in a line almost anywhere and anytime. |
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