what you"ve been thinking about lately. When you leave, she gives you some medicine, but also a list of
thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of
your illness.
Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way
that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every
part of your body through your nervous system (神经系统). Now scientists have proved that how you think
and feel can havean influence on the health of your body.
Stress (压力 ,紧张) is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody
has stress more or less; nobody"s life is perfect. In fact, stress is necessary. Without stress, wa would never
leam anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored"to death. But too much stress can hurt you. It
can weaken your body"s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases. It can evenmake you more
likely to have an accident.
When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce achemical called adrenaline (肾上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat. Today you have a different kind of stress.
Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can"t fight or run away
from, so you don"t use up all that adrenaline. It just stays bottled up inside you, and that"s what can do
something bad to you.
What can you do about stress? First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren"t under so
much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work
things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can"t change a stressful situation. Sometimes
you don"t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.
The link (关联) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal
with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It"s important to get
enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that
you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your
body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isn"t used to much physical
activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before
starting any exercise programs.
B. thoughts and behaviour
C. mind and nervous system
D. physical activity and daily exercise
B. One can do his homework to bum up adrenaline.
C. Diseases and accidents are caused by stress.
D. Everyone needs stress to improve himself.
B. it"s not stressful when a good change takes place
C. a big change will cause another stressful situation
D. a stressful situation can"t be changed without any effort
B. The Causes of Stress
C. The Advice on Health
D. The Nervous System
One cool April 22 mornig, people started the day as usual. Yet it was not a normal day. What"s so special
about April 22? The answer is simple. It is Earth Day People all over the world celebrate this important day.
The idea of having a special day to celebrate Earth began in the 1960s. Life was very different then. Few
people talked or even thought ahout the environment. Most people had no idea how dirty our air and water
were.
On April 22, 1970, twenty million (百万) Americans joined the first Earth Day activities. They showed
that people really did want to do something about the environment. Since then laws have been passed to
protect the air, water, land, and animals.
The vehicles such as cars and buses you ride in must pass tests to make sure they don"t cause too much
pollution. Thanks to this law, cars today release (排放) about half as many bad chemicals as cars did back
in 1970. As a result, the air we breathe is cleaner than it once was.
Rivers and lakes are also cleaner today than they were in the 1970s. It"s a good thing because they needed
a lot of help. The Cuyahoga River in Ohio was so polluted that rubbish and oil on the river even caught fire!
Today, the river is cleaner. It no longer burns. It"s healthy enough for birds, fish, and other animals.
Now the celebration has spread to other countries. More than 175 countries take part each year.
In 2007, people in China paid much attention to a big problem. People were throwing away 27 million
plastic bags a day ! People had "Bye-Bye Throwaway CultureWeek." They wanted everyone to see how
polluted it was to throw away so many plastic bags. In 2008, China passed new laws against them.
Every April 22, millions get together to clean and protect Earth. They also celebrate how far we have
come. Our job is to put this knowledge to work. You can help keep our planet healthy too!
____________________________________________________________
2. What caught fire on the Cuyahoga River?
____________________________________________________________
3. How many countries take part in the celebration each year now?
____________________________________________________________
4. Why did Chinese people have "Bye-Bye Throwaway Culture Week" ?
____________________________________________________________
5. What are the purposes of celebrating the Earth Day?
____________________________________________________________
Jogging is basically running at a steady (稳定的) speed over short or long distances. It became popular
some twenty years ago and has remained a favorite way of keeping fit for lots of people.
One of the main advantages of jogging over many other sports is that it can be done anywhere. People jog
in parks, in the country side and even in urban areas. No special equipment is required no costly hats, or balls,
and no expensive sports kit. Good quality running shoes are advisable. Special jogging suits are widely available
these days and can be bought quite cheaply but are not necessary. In addition to being able to jog anywhere,
you can also jog at any time, in any season! It"s not unusual to see joggers exercising in the height of summer
or in the depth of winter!
The act of jogging doesn"t require any special training or skill. You do need to be basically healthy and then,
after a few basic warm-up bends and stretches, you are ready to begin. You simply start running, gently, and
then build up to a steady speed. Do not overtire yourself by trying to go too fast. It is best for you to run at
a steady and comfortable speed.
Jogging is a single sport. You don"t need to wait until you have gathered a team or found a partner. You
can jog alone. A few words of warning however: lone women joggers should be especially careful when
choosing jogging routes, particularly at night time.
Jogging is excellent for keeping fit. It"s good for the lungs, the heart and the circulation. It"s easy and
it"s convenient. Why don"t you try it? If you require more information, talk to one of the instructors at the
sports centre. We are only too happy to help. Please remember: if you do decide to jog, talk to your doctor
first if you have any health worries. Happy jogging!
_____________________________________
2. Which are more necessary for joggers, good quality running shoes or special jogging suits?
_____________________________________
3. What is hest for us to jog?
_____________________________________
4. What"s the writer"s special suggestion to lone women who decide to jog?
_____________________________________
5. What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?
_____________________________________
colds are caused by cold weather. They are not. They are caused by viruses (病毒) passing on from person
to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has
one.
If cold weather causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.
But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers (探险者) have reported being free from colds until
coming into contact again with the outside world by way of packages and mails dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, showed no
increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz
concentration camp, naked and starving, were extremely surprised to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in the experiments in which they
gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths,
they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in
drafty rooms. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not
one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent (often) in the
winter? Despite the most painstaking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by
scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes
it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for colds. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin, but all they
do is to relieve the symptoms (症状).
______________________________________
2. When may Arctic explorers catch colds?
______________________________________
3. How many kinds of people does the writer mention when explaining his idea?
______________________________________
4. Why are the colds more frequent in the winter?
______________________________________
5. What is the key point of this passage?
______________________________________
On March 27, Saturday evening, people all over the world once again tumed their lights off for an
hour to help fight against global climate changes and give the world a brighter future.
For Earth Hour 2010, many best-known buildings went dark from 8:30 to 9:30 local time, such as
the Eiffel Tower, Big Ben, Sydney"s Opera House and Beijing"s Forbidden City, etc. Millions of businesses
and homes around the world also tumed off their lights.
Some 4 000 cities in more than 120 countries volunteered to tum off Saturday to reduce energy
consumption (能量消耗). " We have everyone from Casablanca to the camps of Namibia and Tanzania
taking part," said Greg Boume, CEO of WWF ( World Wildlife Fund) in Australia, which started Earth
Hour.
Earth Hour began in Sydney, Australia, in 2007. In 2008, the event tumed into an intemational one,
which has drawn the participation of hundreds of towns and cities worldwide. Now in its fourth year, more
and more cities from the world took part in Earth Hour as a show of support for action against global
warming.
In a WWF survey after Earth Hour 2009, 80 million US citizens said they had participated, according to
Ann. " Earth Hour has always been an event about families and individuals as well," Ann said, " and it"s really
about Americans and people all over the world standing up and saying climate change is real and we need to
do something about it now. "
However, Earth Hour"s energy-saving influence is limited. But WWF says that Earth Hour"s real value is
symbolic (象征的).
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
buses, planes and ships that need oil to work will not be able to run. So it will be necessary to develop a new
method of transport which doesn"t use oil. Electric vehicles are one possibility. In England, most families have
at least one car and this car is used every day. It could be that only one person in the family drives the car to
work or for shopping. The number of cars on the road perhaps helps to explain why the oil is used up so
quickly. The family car is a very useful form of transport but it is also a great waste of energy, especially if
it is compared with buses or trains which use less petrol per person than a car. A car traveling at 80 kilometers
an hour uses only half as much petrol as a car which is traveling at 120 kilometers an hour. Clearly, it would be better if there were fewer cars on the road and more speed limits so that the oil which is left will last as long
as possible.
About 25% of England"s total consumption (消耗) of energy is domestic - it is used only in the home. Just
over 20% is used for transport. Most of the energy is used in industry. It is difficult to suggest any possible
energy conservation (保护) in industry because many of the suggestions would mean that some people
would lose their jobs. It is important that industry produces the same amount of products using the same
amount of workers.
Clearly, conservation is not going to be the answer to the energy problem. The most it can do is to give
more time for a better method to be found. The more time we have to develop new sources of energy, the
better it is because there is still a lot of work to be done in order to find suitable, safe methods of producing
energy.
B. Fast driving.
C. On the road.
D. For family use.
B. A new system of transport will be developed.
C. They will be replaced by electric vehicles.
D. They waste a lot of energy.
B. Family cars can save much more energy than buses and trains.
C. It is possible for English people to develop vehicles.
D. Fewer cars on the road will help the oil last longer.
B. Vehicles mustn"t go at a high speed.
C. New sources of energy should be found and developed.
D. We should cut down the number of family cars on the road.
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