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关系代词用法

关系代词

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1、who, whom, that

  限定性定语从句中的关系代词

  作主语作宾语作定语

  指人who/thatwhom/that(可省略)whose

  指物which/thatwhich/that(可省略)whose

  指人和物thatthatwhose

  非限定性定语从句中的关系代词

  作主语作宾语作定语

  指人whowhomwhose/of whom

  指物whichwhichwhose/of which

  特殊情况:

  只能用that的情况,

  先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时;

  先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;

  先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时;

  先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;

  先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时;

  先行词有人又有物时;

  当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

  不能用that的情况

  介词前置时;

  非限定性定语从句中

  先行词本身是that

  多用who,不用that的情况

  先行词为anyone,one,ones时;

  先行词为those,he和people时;

  这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在从句中所起作用如下:

  (1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  (2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  (3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语)

  注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。

  2,which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which)

  (用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:

  (1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)

  (2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)

  注:which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略;that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom来代替。

  2、whose

  (只用作定语)

  “whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)

  例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲)

  He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)

  关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语。

  1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从句省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]

  2.如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有的则放在它前面的位置。

  3. 代表物时的that常被省略;

  c)被形容词最高级修饰时;既有人又有物时;

  e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“why”行

  关系副词:在句中作状语

  关系副词=介词+关系代词

  why=for which

  where=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配)

  when=during/ on/ in/……

  1. “where”是关系副词,当然也不用“that”引导。

  By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

  I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方。

  Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带着生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西。

  2. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用“there is”开头。

  There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话。

  分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。

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