动词的分类
动词不同角度的分类
动词可以从不同的角度进行分类:
根据语义特征,动词可以分为:
动作动词:如:跑、看、听、说、写、走、研究、买等
存现动词:如:在、有、发生、出现、具有等
关系动词:如:是、像、姓、属于、成为、仿佛等
能愿动词:如:会、能、可以、能够、要、肯、必须、应该等
趋向动词:如:来、去、上、下、进、出、回、上来、进去等
心理动词:如:爱、恨、想、喜欢、讨厌、希望等
使令动词:如:使、叫、让、请、要求等
注意:心理动词可以受程度副词的修饰,但和形容词仍存在区别,即心理动词一般可以带宾语,而形容词一般不可以。
根据带宾语的情况,可分为:
及物动词:
谓宾动词:宾语是动词或形容词。如进行、加以、开始等
体宾动词:宾语是名词。如学习、吃、保护、给、送、借等
不及物动词:咳嗽、游行、休息、毕业、来、失败、见面等
这种分类看上去种类繁多,似乎没什么用处,实际上,在教学过程中是非常有用的。如汉语中有的动词后能带“了”,有的却不能(关系动词、能愿动词);有的能带宾语有的不能;有的能重叠,有的不能(能愿动词);有的能受程度副词的修饰(心理动词),有的却不能。如果没有以上分类,这些问题是很难说清楚的。所以作为对外汉语教师是应该了解这些术语的。除了上述分类外,对外汉语教师还应该了解一下动词的另一种分类方法。即:根据动词的情状分类。从意义上说,动词表示人或事物的动作行为、变化或状态,这些都与时间有着密切的关系,所以动词最基本的特性是时间性。动词本身在时间意义上表现出的各种状态,比如持续的、瞬间的、静态的等等,就是动词的情状。根据动词前面能否接“在”、“正在”,后面能否带“着”、“了”或时间短语等语法形式,可以把动词分为一下几类。
根据动词的情状,可分为:
静态动词:前不可加“正、在”,后不可加“着、了”等。如姓、是、有等。
持续动词:前可加“正、在”,后可加“着、了”等。如登、盼、看、听等。
终结动词:意义本身包含着终结点。如成为、放松、抓紧、改正、提高等。
_____ and have a drink with me, will you? [ ] A. Look over
B. Look round
C. Come around
D. Look upShe stopped the child _____ the popular music. [ ] A. to listen
B. from listening to
C. from listening
D. listening— Wang Lin has decided to _____ his bad habit of smoking.
— That"s good news. I hope I can do it.[ ] A. give up
B. set up
C. clean up
D. save upIf I _______ you, I would never _______ my parents down. [ ] A. am; make
B. am; let
C. were; make
D. were; let—What happened to you this morning?
—My alarm clock didn"t _______.[ ] A. go on
B. go out
C. go off
D. go downThere _______ a lot of trees here, but now it has become desert. [ ] A. is
B. are
C. used to be
D. used to being_______ your history teacher _______ you? [ ] A. Does, strict with
B. Does, strict in
C. Is, strict with
D. Is, strict inMary devoted all her money she owned _______ people in need. [ ] A. to help
B. helping
C. helped
D. to helping找错并改错。 ( ) 1. She hasn"t heard a letter from her friend for a long time.
A B C D
( ) 2. I don"t know why Kate hasn"t replied my letter for half a month.
A B C D
( ) 3. While feeling sad, I can"t decide who to talk.
A B C D
( ) 4. Look, there are someone painting the wall in the fitting room.
A B C D
( )5. Everyone of us considers Tom the cleverest boy in our class.
A B C DPeople who live in cold climates ________ warm colors _______ their homes a warm and comfortable feeling. [ ] A. would rather using; to give
B. prefer to use; to give
C. would rather use; than give
D. prefer use; to givingYour school things should ________. [ ] A. be looked after well
B. be looked well after
C. be taken good care
D. be taken care of wellThe old man lived alone all his life and he _____ a rainy winter evening. [ ] A. passed away in
B. past away in
C. passed away on
D. past away onMrs Zhang is _____ all her time and energy _____ being a mum right now. [ ] A. devote; on
B. devoting; on
C. devote; to
D. devoting; toOur neighbor"s car alarm is always _____ in the middle of the night. [ ] A. going off
B. going out
C. going away
D. going downI know it"s not easy to learn English well, but you can"t ________. [ ] A. put it up
B. look it up
C. take it up
D. give it upMother ______ me ______ her coat when I was doing my homework. [ ] A. filled; with
B. full; of
C. covered; with
D. put; onCan you tell me what this table is ______? [ ] A. made by
B. made in
C. made of
D. made upMr Zhang _______ his cap and sat down as soon as he entered the room. [ ] A. took off
B. took out
C. took away
D. took downWe should _____ the exam papers again and again before handing them in. [ ] A. go on
B. go over
C. go down
D. go into— Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France?
— No, when I _____ France, he had gone to China.[ ] A. reach
B. arrive in
C. arrived at
D. got toThe programs ______ easily if you use a short-wave radio. [ ] A. can pick up
B. pick up
C. will pick up
D. can be picked upThe doctors suggest young kids should ______ the earphones and have a rest every 30 minutes. [ ] A. get off
B. take off
C. turn off
D. put offI think it"s a good idea to ______ early in the morning and read English aloud. [ ] A. get off
B. get up
C. get on
D. get inI"m too busy and tired recently. Let"s ______ our party till next weekend. [ ] A. get off
B. get on
C. put on
D. put offIt"s raining hard outside. You"d better _______ your raincoat if you go out. [ ] A. put off
B. put away
C. put up
D. put onIf you don"t know a word, you can _____ it _____ in a dictionary. [ ] A. look...up
B. look...down
C. look...over
D. look...outPlease ______ the lights before you leave the classroom. [ ] A. turn down
B. turn on
C. turn off
D. turn upShe doesn"t dance so often as she ______. [ ] A. use
B. used to
C. is used to
D. was used toTom! The TV is too loud. Please _______. [ ] A. turn it over
B. turn it on
C. turn it back
D. turn it downMrs. Green is out. I have to ______ her baby. [ ] A. look around
B. look up
C. look for
D. look afterI like to _______ monkeys _______ in the zoo. [ ] A. see, jump
B. look, to jump
C. watch, jump
D. watch, to jumpMy father _______ for three days. [ ] A. has left
B. have been away
C. has been away
D. left— Do you think the article is difficult?
— I think so. It took me a long time to _____ the new words in the dictionary.[ ] A. look at
B. look out
C. look for
D. look upI call him "my best friend" because he is a person I can _____ anything. [ ] A. talk with
B. talk about
C. talk to
D. talk to aboutYour mother is sleeping. You"d better _________. [ ] A. not wake up her
B. not to wake up her
C. not wake her up
D. not to wake her upDad always _______ his shoes and leaves them by the front door when he comes back. [ ] A. takes down
B. takes off
C. takes away
D. takes upThe government promised to _____ the accident as soon as possible, so you needn"t worry. [ ] A. look up
B. look over
C. look into
D. look forIt"s very difficult to learn English well, but you can"t _____. [ ] A. put it up
B. take it up
C. look it up
D. give it upI"m sorry we haven"t seen each other for years . I can"t _______ your name at the moment . [ ] A. think up
B. think about
C. think over
D. think ofThe old lady _______ you told me yesterday was a famous dancer. [ ] A. about whom
B. to whom
C. who
D. with whom— Rooney used to ______ late for school.
— Yes, but now she is use to ______ up early.[ ] A. be; get
B. being; getting
C. being; get
D. be; gettingIf you have some questions, please _____. [ ] A. write down them
B. write them down
C. put them up
D. put up themAudrey Hepburn ________ dancing and focused on acting after her first successful movie. [ ] A. gave in
B. gave off
C. gave upDon"t forget to turn ________ the lights before you leave the office. [ ] A. down
B. off
C. on— The windows are broken and need to be repaired.
— I think so. They can hardly ______ the cold now.[ ] A. keep out
B. give out
C. take out
D. put outHis father came to the city last year, but he isn"t used ______ in the city. [ ] A. to live
B. to living
C. lived
D. livingDon"t forget to ______ the lights and the TV in the sitting room before going to bed. [ ] A. turn over
B. turn on
C. turn off
D. turn upThese days many young people are keen on Korean love TV series (韩剧). The underlined part means _______. [ ] A. dislike
B. turn to
C. are proud of
D. are fond ofLadies and gentlemen, attention, please. The plane will ______ in ten minutes. [ ] A. take off
B. take up
C. set out
D. set up
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