现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时构成形式
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
现在完成进行时的表示含义
现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous)
主语+have/has+been+动词-ing(延续性动词)
(一)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)
(二)表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到,如同在电话里说的,还会继续等)
(三)有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。(动作还将继续下去)
(四)大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去)
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.(动作已经完成)
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。(动作还将继续下去)
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。(动作已经完成)
(五)表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
* I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌,think想等等。
(六)一些现在完成时的句子也与现在完成进行时的句子含义相同
延续性动词在现在完成时与现在完成进行时时态中使用,句意相同。例如:
She has slept for 6 hours and still can not wake up.
She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
她已经睡了6个小时,到现在还没有醒来。
(七)表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性
It has been raining for 3 days。
已经下了3天的雨了(现在还没停止)
现在完成进行时的基本句型
肯定式 第一人称 have been doing sth.
疑问式 Have 第一人称 been doing sth.
简略回答 Yes, 第一人称 have. No, 第一人称 haven't.
肯定式 第三人称 has been doing sth. 疑问式 Has 第三人称been doing sth.
简略回答 Yes, 第三人称has. No, 第三人称hasn't.
1) 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如:
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack has been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如:
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
标志:1句中常有延续性动词2时间点前有since
现在完成进行时的用法注意
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。
现在完成时态可表示做完的事情以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以。
在当代英语中,现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如:
Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好。
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过,我和他没有过那许多接触。
否定句构成:
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词+其他
一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
The highest award was given to Anna, who _____ so hard on the project for years, and at last her efforts paid off.
A. has worked
B. worked
C. was working
D. had been workingThe Chinese government _____ research into vaccine against H1N1for months, recently many have received the first doses.
A. is doing
B. has done
C. had been doing
D. did— Why were you wet through when you came to the meeting?
— Because I _____ in the gym.
A. work out
B. had been working out
C. was working out
D. had been worked outThe coal miners ____ in the coal mine for 10 hours before we came to their rescue.
A. had trapped
B. had been trapping
C. had been trapped
D. would have been trappedWhen Alice came to, she did not know how long she _____ there. [ ]
A. had been lying
B. has been lying
C. was lying
D. has lainThe two friends ____ on the Internet for three hours, and they would go on till the next morning.
A. had been chatting
B. had chatted
C. were chatting
D. have been chattingThe highest award was given to Anna, who _____ so hard on the project for years, and at last her efforts paid off.
A. has worked
B. worked
C. was working
D. had been workingThe crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A. were waiting
B. had been waiting
C. had waited
D. would waitThe crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till YaoMing, the basketball star, arrived.
A. were waiting
B. had been waiting
C. had waited
D. would wait— Have you seen Bob recently?
— No, but I was told that he _____ for a new job all through the summer.A. has been looking
B. had been looking
C. is looking
D. was lookingThey ____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____ on
it as no good results have come out so far.[ ]
A. had been working; are still working
B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked
D. have worked; are still working— Susan was happy like crazy!
— No wonder! Her parents approved of her adventurous trip to Africa that she ____ for years.
A. has been expecting
B. was always expecting
C. had been expecting
D. has expectedWhen Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.
A. had been lying
B. has been lying
C. was laying
D. has lainIt ________ in Hangzhou every day over the last three weeks.
A. rains
B. rained
C. has been raining
D. had been rainingThe crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A. were waiting
B. had been waiting
C. had waited
D. would wait—More than 13.7 million Americans were unable to find work in April.
—Yeah, most jobs for months.
A. are seeking
B. sought
C. have been seeking
D. had been seekingWhen Alice came to herself, she didn’t know how long she ________ there. [ ] A. has lain
B. had been lying
C. has been lying
D. was lying---Susan was happy like crazy!
---No wonder! Her parents approved of her adventurous trip to Africa that she ______ for years.[ ] A.has been expecting
B.was always expecting
C.had been expecting
D.has expectedWhen Alice came to life, she did not know how long she ________ there. [ ] A. had been lying
B. has been lying
C. was lying
D. has lain—Susan was happy like crazy!
—Oh, yes! Her parents approved of her adventurous trip to Africa that she ________ for years.
A. has been expecting
B. was expecting
C. had been expecting
D. would be expectingThey ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _______ on it as no good results have come out so far.
A. had been working; are still working
B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked
D. have worked; are still workingI was tired when you saw me yesterday afternoon because I __. A. had been running
B. ran
C. would run
D. has run
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