同义句转换型

　　二、同义句转换。

　　根据上句，写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：

　　1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。

　　常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”(spend-take-cost-take);(2)三个“到达”(get to-reach-arrive in/at);(3)四个“收到…来信”(hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from);(4)两个“擅长于…”(be good at -do well in);(5)两个“有空”(be free-have time);(6)三个“入睡”(go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep);(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoy oneself-have a good time);(8)“给…打电话”(call sb-telephone sb-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.)(9)“飞往…”(fly to…-go to…by air/plane)(10)“自学”(teach oneself-learn…by oneself)(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help… (to)do…(12)在…差be weak in…-do badly in…(13)能/会…can-be able to(14)更喜欢…like…better than…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…be full of…-be filled with…(16)放弃干…give up doing…-stop doing…(17)不再… no longer-not …any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care of…-look after(19)展览 on show-on display(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing-keep/prevent…from doing…(21)由于 thanks to-because of…(22)举手hands up-put up one's hands(23)最后，终于at last-in the end(24)与…不同 be different from…-be not the same as…(25)从…借入… borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to…(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike-ride a bike to…(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…-be the pride of…(29)步行去… walk to…-go to…on foot (30)独自地by oneself -alone等。例如：

　　A：The children had a good time in the park.

　　B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park.

　　2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①It seems that 从句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②It's kind of sb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do… ③What does…mean?→What do you mean by…? 或What's the meaning of…?④There is something wrong with…→Something is wrong with… ⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 ⑥What's wrong with…?→What's the matter with…? ⑦How is…?→What's…like…?⑧How do you like…?→What do you think of?⑧It's time that…→It's time for sb. to do…⑨It's said that…→People say that…⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you?

　　例如：

　　A：I went to bed after I finished my homework.

　　B：I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.

　　3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如：

　　A：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, they'll go to the park.

　　B：Unless it rains tomorrow, they'll go to the park.

　　A：If you don't hurry, you'll be late.

　　B：Hurry up, or you'll be late.

　　A：Fish can't live if there is no water.

　　B：Fish can't live without water.

　　4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead, open-be open, join-be in+组织/be a +成员, begin-be on, leave-be away from, close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go to sleep-be asleep，get up-be up.

　　例如：The old man died five months ago.

　　The old man has been dead since five months ago.

　　The old man has been dead for five months.

　　It's five months since the old man died.

　　Five months has passed since the old man died.

　　5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。

　　①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：

　　A：I saw they were playing football on the playground.

　　B：I saw them playing football on the playground.

　　A：The teacher found that she was very clever.

　　B：The teacher found her very clever.

　　A：He found that it was hard to learn English well.

　　B：He found it hard to learn English well.

　　A：We are sure that we will win to first match.

　　B：We are sure to win to first match.

　　由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：

　　A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

　　B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station?

　　A：We don't know what we should do next.

　　B：We don't know what to do next.

　　②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing…

　　例如：

　　A：They went home after they finished their work.

　　B：The went home after finishing their work.

　　A：Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China.

　　B：Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China.

　　When sb. +be+数词+years old→at the age of+岁数

　　A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper.

　　B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper.

　　③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…to do或…enough to do……例如：

　　A：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

　　B：The box is too heavy for me to carry.

　　或：The box isn't light enough for me to carry.

　　A：The child is so old that he can go to school.

　　B：The child is old enough to go to school.

　　④由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如：

　　A：My father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus.

　　B：My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus.

　　⑤由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of…例如：

　　A：We didn't go to the park because it rained.

　　B：We didn't go to the park because of the rain.

　　⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：

　　A：The man who is on the bike is Jim.

　　B：The man on the bike is Jim.

　　A：The man who is driving the red car is my boss.

　　B：The man driving the red car is my boss.

　　A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister.

　　B：The girl called Mary is my sister.

　　6、用并列连词neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;not only…but also…连句。例如：

　　A：I haven't seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasn't either.

　　B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long.

　　A：Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too.

　　B：Tom is good at both maths and French.

　　neither…nor…, either…or…和not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是both…and用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。

　　7、主动语与被动语态的互变。

　　“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：

　　A：They make watches in the town.

　　B：Watches are made by them in the town.

　　A：I can finish the work before eight.

　　B：The work can be finished(by me)before eight.

　　A：Do they grow rice in South China?

　　B：Is rice grown in South China?

　　注：使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to.

　　A：I saw him take your umbrella.

　　B：He was seen to take your umbrella.

　　8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如

　　A：Chinese is the most important subject of all.

　　B：Chinese is more important than any other subject.

　　A：This exercise is easier than the other two.

　　B：This exercise is the easiest of the three.