动名词
动名词定义
英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念,另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同:在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。
例如:They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend.
在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断地受到歧视。
Living in digs means having one room in someone's house.
寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。
附:动名词用法口诀:
动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。
说明:1、主-----主语2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
动名词常见题型
1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数
2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词
3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语
例:
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling(Key:C;换成your calling也对)
4) 有些词后面只能接动名词
acknowledge;admit; advise;advocate;allow;appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point...
6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可
remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。
例:
remember to do/doing:
①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)
②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)
forget与remember的用法类似。
regret的用法:
①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)
②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)
try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):
①You really must try to overcome your shyness.
②Try practicing five hours a day.
动名词易混辨别
动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:
Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .
(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
区别:
1.动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:
My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:
The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.
2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:
①a swimming boy和a swimming suit
前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。
②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。
动名词特征
一、 动名词可以保留原动词的各种用法,例如可以带宾语、表语、状语等。
例 They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or a friend.
在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断遇到歧视。
Living in digs means having one room in someone's house.
寄居的意思是在别人的家里借助一间房间。
二、动名词的动词特征还表现在它有时态和语态的变化。具体的变化形式如下:
(A) 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式,每空只写一词。 1. How long have your brothers been (士兵)?
2. Guangdong is in the (南方) part of China.
3. Who"d love to sail (横越) the Atlantic (大西洋)?
4. The dictionary isn"t mine. It to (属于) Mary.
5. Face the challenges instead of about (担扰) your problem.
(B) 在下列各句的每个空格内填上一个适当的、完整的单词,该词的首字母已给。
6. I don"t like eating chocolate. The taste is too s .
7. Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your h into it.
8. I haven"t seen my uncle, John, for a long time. I really m him very much.
9. The rising national flag of China makes the Chinese people feel p .
10. Jenny used to spend a lot of time p computer games.He"s used to _____ his face with cold water. [ ] A. wash
B. washed
C. washing
D. washesSometimes he feels like ________ to give up. [ ] A. to want
B. wanting
C. want
D. wantedDo you still remember ________ me somewhere in Shanghai? [ ] A. to see
B. see
C. seeing
D. sawHis brother is only six years old. He has difficulty _____ the story books. [ ] A. read
B. reads
C. to reads
D. readingYou shouldn"t worry about ______ breakfast then. [ ] A. not have
B. not having
C. not to have
D. don"t haveIt was silly ________ you to give up ________ things that we all wanted. [ ] A. for, to do
B. for, doing
C. of, to do
D. of, doingFor your next vacation, why not _____ Canada? [ ] A. consider to visit
B. considering visit
C. consider visiting
D. to consider visitingEveryone in our class . [ ] A. enjoys to swim
B. enjoy to swim
C. enjoys swimming
D. enjoy swimming______ we were very tired, we kept on ______ until midnight. [ ] A. Even though; working
B. Since; to work
C. Though; to work
D. Because; workingIt"s cold in here. Would you mind _____ the window? [ ] A. open
B. close
C. opening
D. closing—What did he do yesterday?
—He spent the afternoon ________ a model plane.[ ] A. to make
B. making
C. make
D. madeMy grandma enjoys _______ the radio. [ ]
A. listening
B. hearing
C. listening to
D. to listenMy uncle wants to travel around the world because he enjoys ______ new places. [ ] A. see
B. sees
C. saw
D. seeing— Where is the best place to meet?
— How about ______ outside the theatre?[ ] A. meeting
B. to meet
C. meet
D. met— Do you mind ______ the computer for me? I want to get my e-mail.
— Of course not.[ ] A. turning on
B. to turn on
C. turns on
D. turn onI"ll go to the supermarket as soon as I finish _______ this letter. [ ] A. write
B. wrote
C. to write
D. writing— How about your trip to the seaside?
— Great! I enjoyed ______ in the sea.[ ] A. swimming
B. to swim
C. swim
D. swimsHow soon will they finish ______ the bridge? [ ] A. to build
B. build
C. building
D. built— I haven"t seen your uncle for quite a long time.
— He is busy ______ a novel.[ ] A. write
B. writing
C. written
D. to writeEveryone in our class is busy _______ the classroom after class. [ ] A. clean
B. cleans
C. to clean
D. cleaningWhen you watch Zhao Benshan"s program , you can"t help ________. [ ] A. crying
B. laughing
C. jumpingAmy prefers ________ at home to ________ out at the weekends. [ ] A. staying; going
B. stay; going
C. staying; goWe had great fun ______ football yesterday. [ ] A. play
B. to play
C. played
D. playingBill"s father finished ________ the book last week. [ ] A. write
B. wrote
C. to write
D. writing用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。 1. My brother is good at ___________. (draw )
2. I like to look at the colours of __________ in autumn. (leaf)
3. She doesn"t like __________ food in the market because it"s not fresh. (freeze)
4. He fell ___________ during the lecture yesterday afternoon. (sleep)
5. Don"t forget to ___________ your email addresses at the end of the party. (change)
6. We are looking for students who can sing ___________. (beautiful)
7. There are many ___________ children in some African (非洲的) countries. (home)
8. ___________ the butter into the flour, please. (mixture)It"s cold. Do you mind _______ the window? [ ] A. closing
B. close
C. to close
D. closedThe battery-operated slippers are used for _____ in the dark. [ ] A. seeing
B. see
C. saw
D. seesWhen the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped _____. [ ] A. talking
B. talk
C. to talk
D. talkedDr Bethune was busy _____ the wounded soldiers. [ ] A. operating on
B. operate on
C. operate at
D. to operate inWe think it no use _____ the TV play. [ ] A. to regret missing
B. regretting miss
C. to regret to miss
D. regretting missing— Did you have any trouble _____ Mr. Smith"s house?
— No, we didn"t.[ ] A. finding
B. to find
C. find
D. foundThe students like playing rather than ______. [ ] A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. readsHe felt lonely in the first month abroad, but after some time he got ______ alone and even enjoyed ______ there. [ ] A. used to living; to study
B. used to five; studying
C. used to living; studying
D. used to live; to studyShe did the exercise again. She forgot _____ it. [ ] A. to do
B. doing
C. do
D. didI"ll spend as much time as I can _____ after the flowers in the garden. [ ] A. look
B. to look
C. looking
D. lookedWould you mind me how English words? [ ]
A. telling, to remember
B. telling, remember
C. to tell, to remember
D. to tell, rememberWe should keep on _____ English every day. [ ] A. to practise to speak
B. to practise speaking
C. practising to speak
D. practising speakingAfter a short break he went on _____. [ ] A. to speak
B. speak
C. speaking
D. spokenThe children are playing games _______ TV. [ ] A. instead of watch
B. instead watching
C. instead of watching
D. instead watchEvery means _____ prevent the water from _____. [ ] A. are used to; polluting
B. get used to; pollution
C. is used to; polluted
D. is used to; being pollutedHe improves his English _____ aloud every morning. [ ] A. reads
B. with reading
C. by reading
D. to readTonny is afraid _____, because he was bit by a dog. [ ] A. fly
B. to flying
C. flying
D. of flying用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. He enjoys______(tell) jokes.
2. Most of the______(kid) are very lovely.
3. She likes to have friends who are______ (difference) from her.
4. Please tell me its______(important).
5. Tom is much______(quiet) than his friends.Thank you _____ me about this. It"s very kind _____ you. [ ] A. to telling, for
B. for tell, of
C. about telling, for
D. for telling, of下列各句中均有一处错误,请找出并改正。 1. How about wash the car now?
2. I hate to do the dish, because it"s boring.
3. Could you please go shop with me?
4. He usually cleans his room before school, but sometime he forgets to do it.
5. Could you buy any apples for me, Mum?I remember ____ you the money. Don"t ask me about it again. [ ] A. to give
B. gives
C. giving
D. gave
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